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Environ Res

Title:		The concentration of BTEX compounds and health risk assessment in municipal solid waste facilities and urban areas
Author(s):		Yousefian F; Hassanvand MS; Nodehi RN; Amini H; Rastkari N; Aghaei M; Yunesian M; Yaghmaeian K;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Yunesian@tums.ac.ir. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Management (CSWM), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: KYaghmaeian@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Res
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200823
Issue:
Page Number:		110068 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envres.2020.110068
ISSN/ISBN:		1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study, human exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), along with their respective risk assessment is studied in four major units (n = 14-point sources) of the largest municipal solid waste management facilities (MSWF) in Iran. The results were compared with four urban sites in Tehran, capital of Iran. Workers at the pre-processing unit are exposed to the highest total BTEX (151 mug m(-3)). In specific, they were exposed to benzene concentrations of 11 mug m(-3). Moreover, the total BTEX (t-BTEX) concentrations measured over the conveyor belt was 198 mug m(-3) at most, followed by trommel (104), and active landfills (43). The mean concentration of ambient t-BTEX in Tehran is 100 mug m(-3). On average, xylenes and toluene have the highest concentrations in both on-site and urban environments, with mean values of 24 and 21, and 41 and 37 mug m(-3), respectively. Even though the non-carcinogenic risk of occupational exposure is negligible, BTEX is likely to increase the chance of carcinogenic risks (1.7E-05) for workers at the pre-processing unit. A definite carcinogenic risk of 1.3E-04, and non-carcinogenic effect, of HI = 1.6 were observed in one urban site. With the exception of the pre-processing unit, the citizens of Tehran had higher exposure to BTEX. Overall, BTEX concentrations in the largest MSWF of Iran remains an issue of public health concern"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis Benzene/analysis/toxicity Benzene Derivatives/analysis/toxicity Environmental Monitoring Humans Iran Risk Assessment Solid Waste Toluene/analysis/toxicity *Xylenes/analysis/toxicity Benzene Exposure Health risk Municipal solid was;
Notes:		"MedlineYousefian, Fatemeh Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh Nodehi, Ramin Nabizadeh Amini, Heresh Rastkari, Noushin Aghaei, Mina Yunesian, Masud Yaghmaeian, Kamyar eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2020/08/28 Environ Res. 2020 Dec; 191:110068. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110068. Epub 2020 Aug 23"