| Title: | Changes in cytokinins are sufficient to alter developmental patterns of defense metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata |
| Author(s): | Brutting C; Schafer M; Vankova R; Gase K; Baldwin IT; Meldau S; |
| Address: | "Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoll Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 - Lysolaje, 165 02, Czech Republic. German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04107, Germany" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1365-313X (Electronic) 0960-7412 (Print) 0960-7412 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plant defense metabolites are well known to be regulated developmentally. The optimal defense (OD) theory posits that a tssue's fitness values and probability of attack should determine defense metabolite allocations. Young leaves are expected to provide a larger fitness value to the plant, and therefore their defense allocations should be higher when compared with older leaves. The mechanisms that coordinate development with defense remain unknown and frequently confound tests of the OD theory predictions. Here we demonstrate that cytokinins (CKs) modulate ontogeny-dependent defenses in Nicotiana attenuata. We found that leaf CK levels highly correlate with inducible defense expressions with high levels in young and low levels in older leaves. We genetically manipulated the developmental patterns of two different CK classes by using senescence- and chemically inducible expression of CK biosynthesis genes. Genetically modifying the levels of different CKs in leaves was sufficient to alter ontogenic patterns of defense metabolites. We conclude that the developmental regulation of growth hormones that include CKs plays central roles in connecting development with defense and therefore in establishing optimal patterns of defense allocation in plants" |
| Keywords: | "Acetates/metabolism/pharmacology Animals Cyclopentanes/metabolism/pharmacology Cytokinins/*metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects Herbivory/physiology Host-Parasite Interactions/drug effects Manduca/physiology Oxylipins/metabolism/pharm;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineBrutting, Christoph Schafer, Martin Vankova, Radomira Gase, Klaus Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan eng 293926/ERC_/European Research Council/International Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2016/08/25 Plant J. 2017 Jan; 89(1):15-30. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13316" |
