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Molecules

Title:		Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii
Author(s):		Xing M; Zheng L; Deng Y; Xu D; Xi P; Li M; Kong G; Jiang Z;
Address:		"Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. xingmengyu@hainu.edu.cn. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. xingmengyu@hainu.edu.cn. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. bluestar183@163.com. Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou Experimental Station, Guangzhou 510140, China. bluestar183@163.com. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Dengyz@scau.edu.cn. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. happyxudandan@126.com. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. xpg@scau.edu.cn. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. liminhui@scau.edu.cn. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. gkong@scau.edu.cn. Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zdjiang@scau.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Molecules
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180208
Issue:		2
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/molecules23020358
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important fruit but its production and quality are restricted by litchi downy blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronophythora litchii Chen. Volatile substances produced by a biocontrol antinomycetes Streptomyces fimicarius BWL-H1 could inhibited P. litchii growth and development both in vitro and in detached litchi leaf and fruit infection assay. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from BWL-H1 resulted in severe damage to the endomembrane system and cell wall of P. litchii cells in vitro and abnormal morphology of appressoria, as well as deformed new hyphae in infection process. VOCs could suppress mycelial growth, sporulation, while with no obvious effect on sporangia germination. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometric analyses, 32 VOCs were identified from S. fimicarius BWL-H1, the most abundant of which was phenylethyl alcohol. Eight VOCs, including phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl phenylacetate, methyl anthranilate, alpha-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, methyl salicylate and 4-ethylphenol, that are commercially available, were purchased and their bioactivity was tested individually. Except for humulene, the other seven tested volatile compounds shown strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, sporulation, sporangia germination and germ-tube growth of P. litchii. Especially, 4-ethylphenol showed the highest inhibitory effect on sporulation at a very low concentration of 2 microL/L. Overall, our results provided a better understanding of the mode of action of volatiles from BWL-H1 on P. litchii, and showed that volatiles from BWL-H1 have the potential for control of postharvest litchi downy blight"
Keywords:		"Antifungal Agents/*chemistry/*pharmacology Litchi/*microbiology Microbial Sensitivity Tests Phytophthora/*drug effects/ultrastructure Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control Spores, Fungal/drug effects/ultrastructure Volatile Organic Compounds/*c;"
Notes:		"MedlineXing, Mengyu Zheng, Li Deng, Yizhen Xu, Dandan Xi, Pinggen Li, Minhui Kong, Guanghui Jiang, Zide eng Switzerland 2018/02/09 Molecules. 2018 Feb 8; 23(2):358. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020358"