| Title: | The endoparasitoid Psyllaephagus arenarius benefits from ectoparasitic venom via multiparasitism with the ectoparasitoid Tamarixia lyciumi |
| Author(s): | Wu PX; Ma BX; Wu FM; Xu J; Zhang RZ; |
| Address: | "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1744-7917 (Electronic) 1672-9609 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "As solitary nymphal parasitoids of Paratrioza sinica, the ectoparasitoid Tamarixia lyciumi and the endoparasitoid Psyllaephagus arenarius act as effective biocontrol agents. Thus, it is necessary to facilitate mass productions of both species. Despite showing an excellent parasitic ability, Ps. arenarius is often trapped fatally inside 5th-instar nymphs of Pa. sinica due to strong host immunity. To improve the emergence rate of Ps. arenarius, we evaluated whether Ps. arenarius could utilize T. lyciumi venom via multiparasitism, so the parasitism characteristics of both species were examined between separate-existence (monoparasitism only) and co-existence (mono- and multiparasitism) systems. Further, the parasitism characteristics of Ps. arenarius on venom-injected hosts with/without T. lyciumi eggs were tested to further identify the facilitator. The results showed the parasitism rate of T. lyciumi was increased while that of Ps. arenarius did not change from separate-existence to co-existence systems. The intrinsic performances of two species in monoparasitism did not differ between separate- and co-existence systems. From monoparasitism (separate-existence) to multiparasitism (co-existence), no differences were detected in the intrinsic performances of T. lyciumi, but those of Ps. arenarius were greatly improved. After T. lyciumi venom injection, the parasitism characteristics of Ps. arenarius did not differ between venom-injected hosts with T. lyciumi eggs and those without, further indicating Ps. arenarius benefited from the venom of T. lyciumi females rather than T. lyciumi egg/larval secretions. Instead of negative effects, multiparasitism with ectoparasitoids improves endoparasitoids due to ectoparasitic venom. The study increases host resource utilization and provides creative ways for mass production of endoparasitoids" |
| Keywords: | Animals Female Hemiptera/growth & development/*parasitology Host-Parasite Interactions/*physiology Larva/growth & development/physiology Nymph/growth & development/parasitology Wasp Venoms/*metabolism Wasps/growth & development/*physiology biocontrol agen; |
| Notes: | "MedlineWu, Peng-Xiang Ma, Bao-Xu Wu, Feng-Ming Xu, Jing Zhang, Run-Zhi eng znnfkj2015/Ningxia agriculture integrated development and sci-tech extension program/ Australia 2019/06/30 Insect Sci. 2020 Aug; 27(4):815-825. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12704. Epub 2019 Jul 22" |
