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Mar Biotechnol (NY)

Title:		The Molecular Differentiation of Anatomically Paired Left and Right Mantles of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Author(s):		Wei L; Xu F; Wang Y; Cai Z; Yu W; He C; Jiang Q; Xu X; Guo W; Wang X;
Address:		"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changdao, 265800, China. Qingdao OE Biotechnology Company Limited, Qingdao, 266101, China. Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China. School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China. wangxiaotong999@163.com"
Journal Title:		Mar Biotechnol (NY)
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180328
Issue:		4
Page Number:		425 - 435
DOI:		10.1007/s10126-018-9806-8
ISSN/ISBN:		1436-2236 (Electronic) 1436-2228 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Left-right (L-R) asymmetry is controlled by gene regulation pathways for the L-R axis, and in vertebrates, the gene Pitx2 in TGF-beta signaling pathway plays important roles in the asymmetrical formation of organs. However, less is known about the asymmetries of anatomically identical paired organs, as well as the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the gene Pitx in invertebrates. Here, we report the molecular biological differences between the left and right mantles of an invertebrate, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and propose one possible mechanism underlying those differences. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that the paired organs showed different gene expression patterns, suggesting possible functional differences in shell formation, pheromone signaling, nerve conduction, the stress response, and other physiological processes. RNA-seq and real-time qPCR analysis indicated high right-side expression of the Pitx homolog (cgPitx) in oyster mantle, supporting a conserved role for Pitx in controlling asymmetry. Methylation-dependent restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (MethylRAD) identified a methylation site in the promoter region of cgPitx and showed significantly different methylation levels between the left and right mantles. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of such a difference in methylation in spiralians, and it was further confirmed in 18 other individuals by using a pyrosequencing assay. The miRNome analysis and the TGF-beta receptor/Smad inhibition experiment further supported that several genes in TGF-beta signaling pathway may be related with the L/R asymmetry of oyster mantles. These results suggested that the molecular differentiation of the oyster's paired left and right mantles is significant, TGF-beta signaling pathway could be involved in establishing or maintaining the asymmetry, and the cgPitx gene as one of genes in this pathway; the different methylation levels in its promoter regions between L/R mantles was the one of possible mechanisms regulating the left-right functional differentiation"
Keywords:		"Animal Shells Animals Body Patterning/*genetics/physiology Crassostrea/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism DNA Methylation Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology Sequence Analysis, RNA Signal Transduction/genetics Transforming Growth;"
Notes:		"MedlineWei, Lei Xu, Fei Wang, Yuzhi Cai, Zhongqiang Yu, Wenchao He, Cheng Jiang, Qiuyun Xu, Xiqiang Guo, Wen Wang, Xiaotong eng SDAIT-14-03/Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ 2017ZH054/Key R & D Program of Yantai City, China/ 2017YY03/Innovation Plan for Marine/Fishery Science and Technology of Shandong Province, China/ 31302181/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ 41776152/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ZR2013CM026/Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China/ ZR2017BC058/Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China/ J17KA129/A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program/ 2018/03/30 Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Aug; 20(4):425-435. doi: 10.1007/s10126-018-9806-8. Epub 2018 Mar 28"