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Microbiol Spectr

Title:		Enterococcal Genetics
Author(s):		Weaver KE;
Address:		"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069"
Journal Title:		Microbiol Spectr
Year:		2019
Volume:		7
Issue:		2
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0055-2018
ISSN/ISBN:		2165-0497 (Electronic) 2165-0497 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The study of the genetics of enterococci has focused heavily on mobile genetic elements present in these organisms, the complex regulatory circuits used to control their mobility, and the antibiotic resistance genes they frequently carry. Recently, more focus has been placed on the regulation of genes involved in the virulence of the opportunistic pathogenic species Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Little information is available concerning fundamental aspects of DNA replication, partition, and division; this article begins with a brief overview of what little is known about these issues, primarily by comparison with better-studied model organisms. A variety of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms of regulation of gene expression are then discussed, including a section on the genetics and regulation of vancomycin resistance in enterococci. The article then provides extensive coverage of the pheromone-responsive conjugation plasmids, including sections on regulation of the pheromone response, the conjugative apparatus, and replication and stable inheritance. The article then focuses on conjugative transposons, now referred to as integrated, conjugative elements, or ICEs, and concludes with several smaller sections covering emerging areas of interest concerning the enterococcal mobilome, including nonpheromone plasmids of particular interest, toxin-antitoxin systems, pathogenicity islands, bacteriophages, and genome defense"
Keywords:		"Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology Bacteriophages/genetics Conjugation, Genetic DNA Transposable Elements/genetics Drug Resistance, Bacterial Enterococcus/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity Enterococcus faecalis/genetics Humans Signal Transduction Vanco;"
Notes:		"MedlineWeaver, Keith E eng Review 2019/03/09 Microbiol Spectr. 2019 Mar; 7(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0055-2018"