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J Environ Sci (China)

Title:		A field investigation into the characteristics and formation mechanisms of particles during the operation of laser printers and photocopiers
Author(s):		Wang Q; An D; Yuan Z; Sun R; Lu W; Wang L;
Address:		"Chinese People's Liberation Army Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: wang76qiang@163.com. Chinese People's Liberation Army Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China"
Journal Title:		J Environ Sci (China)
Year:		2023
Volume:		20220518
Issue:
Page Number:		697 - 707
DOI:		10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.007
ISSN/ISBN:		1001-0742 (Print) 1001-0742 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Indoor particle release from toner printing equipment (TPE) is a major health concern and has received wide attention. In this study, nine printing centers were randomly selected and three working phases were simulated, namely, non-working, normal printing/copying, and heavy printing/copying. The dynamics of the ozone (O(3)), volatile organic compound (VOC), and particle emissions from TPE were determined by portable detectors. Results showed that particles, VOCs, and O(3) were indeed discharged, and particles and VOCs concentrations remained at high levels. Among them, 44% of the rooms represented high-level particle releases. Submicrometer-sized particles, especially nanoparticles, were positively correlated with VOCs, but were inversely proportional to the O(3) concentration. Four elements, Ca, Al, Mg and Ni, were usually present in nanoparticles because of the discharge of paper. Si, Al, K, Ni and Pb were found in the submicrometer-sized particles and were consistent with the toner composition. The potential particle precursors were identified, which suggested that styrene was the most likely secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor. Overall, the use of the toner formulation and the discharge of paper attribute to the TPE-emitted particles, in which styrene is a specific monitoring indicator for the formation of SOA"
Keywords:		*Body Fluids *Nanoparticles *Ozone Styrene Lasers Ozone Particulate matter Secondary organic aerosol precursor Toner-based printing equipment Volatile organic compound;
Notes:		"MedlineWang, Qiang An, Daizhi Yuan, Zhengquan Sun, Rubao Lu, Wei Wang, Lili eng Netherlands 2022/12/13 J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Apr; 126:697-707. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.007. Epub 2022 May 18"