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BMC Pulm Med

Title:		Diagnostic performance of eNose technology in COVID-19 patients after hospitalization
Author(s):		van Raaij BFM; Veltman JD; Hameete JF; Stoger JL; Geelhoed JJM;
Address:		"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands. b.f.m.van_raaij@lumc.nl. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands. Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands"
Journal Title:		BMC Pulm Med
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230420
Issue:		1
Page Number:		134 -
DOI:		10.1186/s12890-023-02407-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2466 (Electronic) 1471-2466 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of electronic nose (eNose) technology. Analysis of exhaled breath may potentially play an important role in diagnosing COVID-19 and stratification of patients based on pulmonary function or chest CT. METHODS: Breath profiles of COVID-19 patients were collected with an eNose device (SpiroNose) 3 months after discharge from the Leiden University Medical Centre and matched with breath profiles from healthy individuals for analysis. Principal component analysis was performed with leave-one-out cross validation and visualised with receiver operating characteristics. COVID-19 patients were stratified in subgroups with a normal pulmonary diffusion capacity versus patients with an impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCOc < 80% of predicted) and in subgroups with a normal chest CT versus patients with COVID-19 related chest CT abnormalities. RESULTS: The breath profiles of 135 COVID-19 patients were analysed and matched with 174 healthy controls. The SpiroNose differentiated between COVID-19 after hospitalization and healthy controls with an AUC of 0.893 (95-CI, 0.851-0.934). There was no difference in VOCs patterns in subgroups of COVID-19 patients based on diffusion capacity or chest CT. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients have a breath profile distinguishable from healthy individuals shortly after hospitalization which can be detected using eNose technology. This may suggest ongoing inflammation or a common repair mechanism. The eNose could not differentiate between subgroups of COVID-19 patients based on pulmonary diffusion capacity or chest CT"
Keywords:		Humans *COVID-19/diagnosis ROC Curve Electronic Nose Hospitalization *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Breath Tests Exhalation COVID-19 Testing Breath analysis Covid-19 Electronic nose technology Follow-up;
Notes:		"Medlinevan Raaij, B F M Veltman, J D Hameete, J F Stoger, J L Geelhoed, J J M eng England 2023/04/21 BMC Pulm Med. 2023 Apr 20; 23(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02407-6"