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Sci Rep

Title:		Airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cues dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) increases in the intertidal green alga Ulva fenestrata
Author(s):		Van Alstyne KL; Butler JK; Smith N;
Address:		"Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA, 98221, USA. kathyva@wwu.edu. Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA, 98221, USA"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230315
Issue:		1
Page Number:		4298 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-023-30881-9
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Although the use of airborne molecules as infochemicals is common in terrestrial plants, it has not been shown to occur in an ecologically relevant context in marine seaweeds. Like terrestrial plants, intertidal plants spend part of their lives emersed at low tide and release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air when they are grazed or physiologically stressed. We hypothesized seaweeds could use airborne VOCs as infochemicals and respond to them by upregulating a keystone defensive metabolite, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). We conducted laboratory and field experiments in which Ulva fenestrata was exposed to airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a volatile antiherbivore and antioxidant metabolite released when the seaweed is grazed or physiologically stressed. In the laboratory, U. fenestrata exposed to DMS had 43-48% higher DMSP concentrations, relative to controls, 6-9 days after exposure. In the field, U. fenestrata 1 m downwind of DMS emitters had 19% higher DMSP concentrations than upwind seaweeds after 11 days. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a marine plant using an airborne molecule released when damaged to elicit defensive responses. Our study suggests that the ability to detect airborne compounds has evolved multiple times or before the divergence of terrestrial plants and green algae"
Keywords:		*Ulva/metabolism Cues Sulfides/chemistry *Sulfonium Compounds/metabolism *Chlorophyta/metabolism;
Notes:		"MedlineVan Alstyne, Kathryn L Butler, Jennifer K Smith, Neal eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2023/03/17 Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 15; 13(1):4298. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30881-9"