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Insects

Title:		"Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): Current Status of Biology, Ecology, and Management in Europe with Notes from North America"
Author(s):		Boukouvala MC; Kavallieratos NG; Skourti A; Pons X; Alonso CL; Eizaguirre M; Fernandez EB; Solera ED; Fita S; Bohinc T; Trdan S; Agrafioti P; Athanassiou CG;
Address:		"Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Agrotecnio Centre, Universitat de Lleida, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain. AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Centre, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain. Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece"
Journal Title:		Insects
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220919
Issue:		9
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/insects13090854
ISSN/ISBN:		2075-4450 (Print) 2075-4450 (Electronic) 2075-4450 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The European Spongy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is an abundant species found in oak woods in Central and Southern Europe, the Near East, and North Africa and is an important economic pest. It is a voracious eater and can completely defoliate entire trees; repeated severe defoliation can add to other stresses, such as weather extremes or human activities. Lymantria dispar is most destructive in its larval stage (caterpillars), stripping away foliage from a broad variety of trees (>500 species). Caterpillar infestation is an underestimated problem; medical literature reports that established populations of caterpillars may cause health problems to people and animals. Inflammatory reactions may occur in most individuals after exposure to setae, independent of previous exposure. Currently, chemical and mechanical methods, natural predators, and silvicultural practices are included for the control of this species. Various insecticides have been used for its control, often through aerial sprayings, which negatively affect biodiversity, frequently fail, and are inappropriate for urban/recreational areas. However, bioinsecticides based on various microorganisms (e.g., entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi) as well as technologies such as mating disruption using sex pheromone traps have replaced insecticides for the management of L. dispar"
Keywords:		European spongy moth control health issues losses outbreaks spread;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEBoukouvala, Maria C Kavallieratos, Nickolas G Skourti, Anna Pons, Xavier Alonso, Carmen Lopez Eizaguirre, Matilde Fernandez, Enrique Benavent Solera, Elena Dominguez Fita, Sergio Bohinc, Tanja Trdan, Stanislav Agrafioti, Paraskevi Athanassiou, Christos G eng LIFE20 ENV / GR / 000801/European Commission/ Review Switzerland 2022/09/23 Insects. 2022 Sep 19; 13(9):854. doi: 10.3390/insects13090854"