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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		Field study of visitors' behavior in incense burning and its induced air pollution assessment and treatment
Author(s):		Thuy NT; May DT; Thao DNP; Thuy VTT; Thanh DV; Thanh NT; Huy NN;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Engineering, International University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, 1 Vo Van Ngan St., Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Faculty of Basic Sciences, TNU - University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 284 Luong Ngoc Quyen St, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Nanomaterial Laboratory, An Giang University, 18 Ung Van Khiem St., Dong Xuyen District, Long Xuyen City, An Giang Province, Vietnam. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. nnhuy@hcmut.edu.vn. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. nnhuy@hcmut.edu.vn"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220212
Issue:		30
Page Number:		45933 - 45946
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-022-19124-y
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study conducted a field investigation in the behavior of visitors in the pagoda and burning incense as well as its air pollution situation in Vietnam, and revealed that 92% of people used stick form for offering incense and mainly burning either 1 or 3 sticks/time. Incense smoke exposure caused aroma, comfortable, eye irritation, or hard to breathe. There were 70% of people being aware of the hazard of incense smoke. VOCs, PM(2.5), PM(10), and CO(2) concentrations from burning incense in the Great hall were 1.6-2.5 times higher than those in outside areas. Pollutants' concentrations on the first of the month, full moon day, and Lunar New Year were from 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than those of normal days. A model was designed to collect incense smoke emitted by burning 1 and 3 sticks of seven types of incense on an open area. Except for CO found at low concentrations, VOCs, HCHO, PM(2.5), PM(10), and CO(2) appeared in the smoke with the maximum concentrations higher 2.5-13.5 times than their allowable values. A photocatalytic device using titania nanotubes (TNTs) impregnated with various metals (Cd, Zn, Al, Cu, and Fe) was installed for incense smoke treatment. Effect of type and amount of photocatalyst, as well as initial VOC concentration, were tested. The results show that using 2.0 g of Zn/TNT photocatalysts under UV irradiation provided the highest VOC removal efficiency of 73%, suggesting the potential of application for burning incense in open areas"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Carbon Dioxide Humans Particle Size Smoke/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds Incense offering behavior Incense smoke Photocatalytic treatment Tnt VOCs;"
Notes:		"MedlineThuy, Nguyen Thi May, Dang Thi Thao, Duong Ngoc Phuong Thuy, Vo Thi Thanh Thanh, Dang Van Thanh, Nguyen Trung Huy, Nguyen Nhat eng To-MTTN-2018-09/Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City/ Germany 2022/02/13 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun; 29(30):45933-45946. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19124-y. Epub 2022 Feb 12"