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J R Soc Interface

Title:		"Foliage motion under wind, from leaf flutter to branch buffeting"
Author(s):		Tadrist L; Saudreau M; Hemon P; Amandolese X; Marquier A; Leclercq T; de Langre E;
Address:		"Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France loic.tadrist@uliege.be. INRA, Physique et physiologie integratives de l'arbre fruitier et forestier, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France"
Journal Title:		J R Soc Interface
Year:		2018
Volume:		15
Issue:		142
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.1098/rsif.2018.0010
ISSN/ISBN:		1742-5662 (Electronic) 1742-5689 (Print) 1742-5662 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The wind-induced motion of the foliage in a tree is an important phenomenon both for biological issues (photosynthesis, pathogens development or herbivory) and for more subtle effects such as on wi-fi transmission or animal communication. Such foliage motion results from a combination of the motion of the branches that support the leaves, and of the motion of the leaves relative to the branches. Individual leaf dynamics relative to the branch, and branch dynamics have usually been studied separately. Here, in an experimental study on a whole tree in a large-scale wind tunnel, we present the first empirical evidence that foliage motion is actually dominated by individual leaf flutter at low wind velocities, and by branch turbulence buffeting responses at higher velocities. The transition between the two regimes is related to a weak dependence of leaf flutter on wind velocity, while branch turbulent buffeting is strongly dependent on it. Quantitative comparisons with existing engineering-based models of leaf and branch motion confirm the prevalence of these two mechanisms. Simultaneous measurements of the wind-induced drag on the tree and of the light interception by the foliage show the role of an additional mechanism, reconfiguration, whereby leaves bend and overlap, limiting individual leaf flutter. We then discuss the consequences of these findings on the role of wind-mediated phenomena"
Keywords:		"*Models, Biological *Motion Photosynthesis/*physiology Plant Leaves/*physiology Prunus avium/*physiology fluid-solid interaction foliage leaves plant biomechanics wind;"
Notes:		"MedlineTadrist, Loic Saudreau, Marc Hemon, Pascal Amandolese, Xavier Marquier, Andre Leclercq, Tristan de Langre, Emmanuel eng England 2018/05/11 J R Soc Interface. 2018 May; 15(142):20180010. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0010"