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Environ Pollut

Title:		Chemical source profiles of particulate matter and gases emitted from solid fuels for residential cooking and heating scenarios in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Author(s):		Sun J; Shen Z; Zhang B; Zhang L; Zhang Y; Zhang Q; Wang D; Huang Y; Liu S; Cao J;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China. Electronic address: zxshen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada. Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China. The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210602
Issue:
Page Number:		117503 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117503
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Incomplete combustion of solid fuels (animal dung and bituminous coal) is a common phenomenon during residential cooking and heating in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), resulting in large amounts of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. This study investigated the pollutant emissions from six burning scenarios (heating and cooking with each of the three different fuels: yak dung, sheep dung, and bitumite) in the QTP's pastoral dwellings. Target pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particles (PM(2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum), carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble ions, and particle-phase PAHs were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) (mean +/- standard deviation) of PM(2.5) from the six scenarios were in the range of 1.21 +/- 0.47-7.03 +/- 1.95 g kg(-1), of which over 60% mass fractions were carbonaceous aerosols. The ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon ranged from 9.6 +/- 2.7-33.4 +/- 11.5 and 81.7 +/- 30.4-91.9 +/- 29.0 for dung and bitumite burning, respectively. These values were much larger than those reported in the literature, likely because of the region's high altitudes-where the oxygen level is approximately 65% of that at the sea level-thus providing a deficient air supply to stoves. However, the toxicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs emitted from solid fuel combustion in the QTP are significant, despite a slightly lower benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic potency (Bap(eq)) in this study than in the literature. The gas-to-particle partitioning coefficient of PAHs and VOC emission profiles in the QTP differed significantly from those reported for other regions in the literature. More attention should be paid to the emissions of PAH derivatives (oxygenated PAHs and nitro-PAHs), considering their enhanced light-absorbing ability and high BaP(eq) from solid fuel combustion in the QTP"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis Animals Cooking Gases Heating Particulate Matter/analysis *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis Sheep Tibet Dung cake combustion Emission factor PAHs Pollutants source profiles VOCs;
Notes:		"MedlineSun, Jian Shen, Zhenxing Zhang, Bin Zhang, Leiming Zhang, Yue Zhang, Qian Wang, Diwei Huang, Yu Liu, Suixin Cao, Junji eng England 2021/06/06 Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 15; 285:117503. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117503. Epub 2021 Jun 2"