| Title: | Exploring the Anti-quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Phytol against Serratia marcescens Associated Acute Pyelonephritis Infection in Wistar Rats |
| Author(s): | Srinivasan R; Mohankumar R; Kannappan A; Karthick Raja V; Archunan G; Karutha Pandian S; Ruckmani K; Veera Ravi A; |
| Address: | "Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India. Department of Animal Science, Centre for Pheromone Technology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India" |
| Journal Title: | Front Cell Infect Microbiol |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2235-2988 (Electronic) 2235-2988 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism, a bacterial density-dependent gene expression system, governs the Serratia marcescens pathogenesis through the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The present study demonstrates the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), antibiofilm potential and in vivo protective effect of phytol, a diterpene alcohol broadly utilized as food additive and in therapeutics fields. In vitro treatment of phytol (5 and 10 mug/ml) showed decreasing level of biofilm formation, lipase and hemolysin production in S. marcescens compared to their respective controls. More, microscopic analyses confirmed the antibiofilm potential of phytol. The biofilm related phenomenons such as swarming motility and exopolysccharide productions were also inhibited by phytol. Furthermore, the real-time analysis elucidated the molecular mechanism of phytol which showed downregulation of fimA, fimC, flhC, flhD, bsmB, pigP, and shlA gene expressions. On the other hand, the in vivo rescue effect of phytol was assessed against S. marcescens associated acute pyelonephritis in Wistar rat. Compared to the infected and vehicle controls, the phytol treated groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed decreased level of bacterial counts in kidney, bladder tissues and urine samples on the 5th post infection day. As well, the phytol treatment showed reduced level of virulence enzymes such as lipase and protease productions compared to the infected and vehicle controls. Further, the infected and vehicle controls showed increasing level of inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) productions. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed decreasing level of inflammatory markers. In histopathology, the uninfected animal showed normal kidney and bladder structure, wherein, the infected animals showed extensive infiltration of neutrophils in kidney and bladder tissues. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed normal kidney and bladder tissues. Additionally, the toxic effect of phytol (200 mg/kg) was assessed by single dose toxicity analysis. No changes were observed in hematological, biochemical profiles and histopathological analysis of vital organs in phytol treated animals compared to the untreated controls. Hence, this study suggested the potential use of phytol for its anti-QS, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties against S. marcescens infections and their associated inflammation reactions" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Bacterial Proteins/genetics Biofilms/*drug effects Disease Models, Animal Female Fimbriae Proteins/genetics Gene Expression/drug effects Genes, Bacterial/genetics Hemolysin Proteins/genetics/metabolism Kidney/microbiology/pathology Lipase/metaboli;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineSrinivasan, Ramanathan Mohankumar, Ramar Kannappan, Arunachalam Karthick Raja, Veeramani Archunan, Govindaraju Karutha Pandian, Shunmugiah Ruckmani, Kandasamy Veera Ravi, Arumugam eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2017/12/21 Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Dec 5; 7:498. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00498. eCollection 2017" |
