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Gen Comp Endocrinol

Title:		High levels of circulating prostaglandin F(2alpha) associated with ovulation stimulate female sexual receptivity and spawning behavior in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Author(s):		Sorensen PW; Appelt C; Stacey NE; Goetz FW; Brash AR;
Address:		"Department of Fisheries Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: soren003@umn.edu. Department of Fisheries Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: appelt@sxu.edu. University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada. Electronic address: nstacey@ualberta.ca. Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Electronic address: rick.goetz@noaa.gov. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: alan.brash@vanderbilt.edu"
Journal Title:		Gen Comp Endocrinol
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180622
Issue:
Page Number:		128 - 136
DOI:		10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.014
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-6840 (Electronic) 0016-6480 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study tested the hypothesis that blood-borne prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) produced at the time of ovulation by female goldfish, a typical scramble-spawning, egg-laying cyprinid fish, functions as a hormone which stimulates female sexual receptivity, behavior, and pheromone release, thereby synchronizing female mating behavior with egg availability. We conducted 5 experiments. First, we tested whether PGF(2alpha) is found in the blood of female fish and if it increases at the time of ovulation. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that circulating PGF(2alpha) was approximately 1?ª+ng/ml prior to ovulation, increased over 50-fold within 3?ª+h of ovulation and returned to preovulatory values after spawning and egg release. Ovulated fish also released over 2?ª+ng/h of PGF(2alpha) and 800?ª+ng/h of 15-keto-PGF(2alpha), a metabolite of PGF(2alpha) - both compounds with known pheromonal function. Second, we tested how closely levels of circulating PGF(2alpha) tracked the timing of ovulation by sampling fish at the time of ovulation and discovered that PGF(2alpha) increased within 15?ª+min of ovulation, peaked after 9?ª+h, and fell to basal levels as fish spawned and released their eggs. Third, we tested whether an interaction between eggs and the reproductive tract serves as a source of circulating PGF(2alpha) and its relationship with female sexual receptivity by injecting ovulated eggs (or an egg-substitute) into the reproductive tract of females stripped of ovulated eggs. We found both of these treatments elicited measurable increases in plasma PGF(2alpha) as well as female sexual behavior. A fourth experiment showed that indothemacin, a PG synthase inhibitor, blocked both PGF(2alpha) increase and female sexual behavior in egg-substitute-injected fish. Finally, we tested the relationship between the expression of female behavior and PGF(2alpha) in PGF(2alpha)-injected fish and found that circulating PGF(2alpha) levels closely paralleled behavior, rising within 15?ª+min and peaking at 45?ª+min. Together, these experiments establish that PGF(2alpha) functions as a behavioral blood-borne hormone in the goldfish, suggesting it likely has similar activity in other related, externally-fertilizing fishes"
Keywords:		"Animals Dinoprost/*analogs & derivatives/*blood Female Goldfish/*blood/*physiology Indomethacin/pharmacology Oviposition/drug effects Ovulation/*blood Ovum/drug effects/metabolism Reproduction/drug effects Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology Time Factors;"
Notes:		"MedlineSorensen, Peter W Appelt, Christopher Stacey, Norman E Goetz, Fredrick Wm Brash, Alan R eng Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2018/06/26 Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2018 Oct 1; 267:128-136. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.014. Epub 2018 Jun 22"