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Adv Exp Med Biol

Title:		Inhaled environmental allergens and toxicants as determinants of the asthma phenotype
Author(s):		Sokol K; Sur S; Ameredes BT;
Address:		"Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA, kcsokol@utmb.edu"
Journal Title:		Adv Exp Med Biol
Year:		2014
Volume:		795
Issue:
Page Number:		43 - 73
DOI:		10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_4
ISSN/ISBN:		0065-2598 (Print) 2214-8019 (Electronic) 0065-2598 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The driving environmental factors behind the development of the asthma phenotype remain incompletely studied and understood. Here, we present an overview of inhaled allergic/atopic and mainly nonallergic/nonatopic or toxicant shapers of the asthma phenotype, which are present in both the indoor and outdoor environment around us. The inhaled allergic/atopic factors include fungus, mold, animal dander, cockroach, dust mites, and pollen; these allergic triggers and shapers of the asthma phenotype are considered in the context of their ability to drive the immunologic IgE response and potentially induce interactions between the innate and adaptive immune responses, with special emphasis on the NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen-species-associated mechanism of pollen-associated allergy induction. The inhaled nonallergic/nonatopic, toxicant factors include gaseous and volatile agents, such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, acrolein, and butadiene, as well as particulate agents, such as rubber tire breakdown particles, and diesel exhaust particles. These toxicants are reviewed in terms of their relevant chemical characteristics and hazard potential, ability to induce airway dysfunction, and potential for driving the asthma phenotype. Special emphasis is placed on their interactive nature with other triggers and drivers, with regard to driving the asthma phenotype. Overall, both allergic and nonallergic environmental factors can interact to acutely exacerbate the asthma phenotype; some may also promote its development over prolonged periods of untreated exposure, or possibly indirectly through effects on the genome. Further therapeutic considerations should be given to these environmental factors when determining the best course of personalized medicine for individuals with asthma"
Keywords:		"Adaptive Immunity Air Pollutants/immunology Allergens/*immunology Asthma/*classification/*immunology/physiopathology/therapy Humans Immunity, Innate Immunoglobulin E/*immunology Molecular Targeted Therapy Ozone/immunology Pollen/*immunology Precision Medi;"
Notes:		"MedlineSokol, Kristin Sur, Sanjiv Ameredes, Bill T eng P01 AI062885/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ P30 ES006676/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 ES018948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ UL1 TR001439/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ Review 2013/10/29 Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 795:43-73. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_4"