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Int J Mol Sci

Title:		"The Essential Oil of Citrus lumia Risso and Poit. 'Pyriformis' Shows Promising Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuromodulatory Effects"
Author(s):		Smeriglio A; Alloisio S; Barbieri R; Ingegneri M; Malaspina P; Burlando B; Cornara L; Trombetta D;
Address:		"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. ETT Spa, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy. Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy. Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"
Journal Title:		Int J Mol Sci
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230314
Issue:		6
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijms24065534
ISSN/ISBN:		1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Citrus lumia Risso and Poit. 'Pyriformis' are horticultural varieties of Citrus lumia Risso. The fruit is very fragrant and pear-shaped, with a bitter juice, a floral flavor, and a very thick rind. The flavedo shows enlarged (0.74 x 1.16 mm), spherical and ellipsoidal secretory cavities containing the essential oil (EO), visible using light microscopy, and more evident using scanning electron microscopy. The GC-FID and GC-MS analyses of the EO showed a phytochemical profile characterized by the predominance of D-limonene (93.67%). The EO showed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (IC(50) 0.07-2.06 mg/mL), as evaluated by the in vitro cell-free enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. To evaluate the effect on the neuronal functional activity, the embryonic cortical neuronal networks grown on multi-electrode array chips were exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of the EO (5-200 microg/mL). The spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded and the mean firing rate, mean burst rate, percentage of spikes in a burst, mean burst durations and inter-spike intervals within a burst parameter were calculated. The EO induced strong and concentration-dependent neuroinhibitory effects, with IC(50) ranging between 11.4-31.1 microg/mL. Furthermore, it showed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC(50) 0.19 mg/mL), which is promising for controlling some of the key symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as memory and cognitive concerns"
Keywords:		"*Oils, Volatile/pharmacology/chemistry Antioxidants/pharmacology/chemistry *Citrus/chemistry Acetylcholinesterase Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity anti-inflammatory activity antioxidant activity essential oil;"
Notes:		"MedlineSmeriglio, Antonella Alloisio, Susanna Barbieri, Raffaella Ingegneri, Mariarosaria Malaspina, Paola Burlando, Bruno Cornara, Laura Trombetta, Domenico eng Switzerland 2023/03/30 Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 14; 24(6):5534. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065534"