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Environ Pollut

Title:		"Emerging concerns of VOCs and SVOCs in coking wastewater treatment processes: Distribution profile, emission characteristics, and health risk assessment"
Author(s):		Saber AN; Zhang H; Cervantes-Aviles P; Islam A; Gao Y; An W; Yang M;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt. Electronic address: Ayman.nabil89@gmail.com. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieriay Ciencias, Campus Puebla, Via Atlixcayotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcayotl, CP 72453, Puebla, Pue, Mexico. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. Electronic address: yangmin@rcees.ac.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200608
Issue:		Pt B
Page Number:		114960 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114960
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study, the distribution profiles, emission characteristics, and health risks associated with 43 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, including 15 phenols, 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 BTEX, and 4 other compounds, were determined in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a coking factory (plant C) and the succeeding final WWTP (central WWTP). Total phenols with a concentration of 361,000 mug L(-1) were the predominant compounds in the influent wastewater of plant C, whereas PAHs were the major compounds in the final effluents of both coking WWTPs (84.4 mug L(-1) and 30.7 mug L(-1), respectively). The biological treatment process in plant C removed the majority of volatile organic pollutants (94.1%-99.9%). A mass balance analysis for plant C showed that biodegradation was the main removal pathway for all the target compounds (56.6%-99.9%) except BTEX, chlorinated phenols, and high molecular weight (MW) PAHs. Chlorinated phenols and high MW PAHs were mainly removed via sorption to activated sludge (51.8%-73.2% and 60.2%-75.9%, respectively). Air stripping and volatilization were the dominant mechanisms for removing the BTEX compounds (59.8%-73.8%). The total emission rates of the detected volatile pollutants from plant C and the central WWTP were 1,640 g d(-1) and 784 g d(-1), respectively. Benzene from the equalization basins of plant C and the central WWTP corresponded to the highest inhalation carcinogenic risks (1.4 x 10(-3) and 3.2 x 10(-4), respectively), which exceeded the acceptable level for human health (1 x 10(-6)) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that BaP exhibited the highest inhalation non-cancer risk, with a hazard index ratio of 70 and 30 for plant C and the central WWTP, respectively. Moreover, the excess sludge generated during wastewater treatment should also be carefully handled because it adsorbed abundant PAHs and chlorinated phenols at coking plant C (58,000 mug g(-1) and 3,500 mug g(-1)) and the central WWTP (622 mug g(-1) and 54 mug g(-1))"
Keywords:		"*Coke Environmental Monitoring Humans Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/*analysis Risk Assessment Waste Disposal, Fluid Wastewater Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis Chemical pollutants Emission of VOCs Hazardous materials Health risks Industrial wastewa;"
Notes:		"MedlineSaber, Ayman N Zhang, Haifeng Cervantes-Aviles, Pabel Islam, Ashraful Gao, Yingxin An, Wei Yang, Min eng England 2020/07/01 Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct; 265(Pt B):114960. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114960. Epub 2020 Jun 8"