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Mar Biotechnol (NY)

Title:		Convergent antifouling activities of structurally distinct bioactive compounds synthesized within two sympatric Haliclona demosponges
Author(s):		Roper KE; Beamish H; Garson MJ; Skilleter GA; Degnan BM;
Address:		"School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia"
Journal Title:		Mar Biotechnol (NY)
Year:		2009
Volume:		20080809
Issue:		2
Page Number:		188 - 198
DOI:		10.1007/s10126-008-9132-7
ISSN/ISBN:		1436-2228 (Print) 1436-2228 (Linking)
Abstract:		"A wide range of sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates synthesize secondary metabolites that have potential as industrial antifoulants. These antifoulants tend to differ in structure, even between closely related species. Here, we determine if structurally divergent secondary metabolites produced within two sympatric haliclonid demosponges have similar effects on the larvae of a wide range of benthic competitors and potential fouling metazoans (ascidians, molluscs, bryozoans, polychaetes, and sponges). The sponges Haliclona sp. 628 and sp. 1031 synthesize the tetracyclic alkaloid, haliclonacyclamine A (HA), and the long chain alkyl amino alcohol, halaminol A (LA), respectively. Despite structural differences, HA and LA have identical effects on phylogenetically disparate ascidian larvae, inducing rapid larval settlement but preventing subsequent metamorphosis at precisely the same stage. HA and LA also have similar effects on sponge, polychaete, gastropod and bryozoan larvae, inhibiting both settlement and metamorphosis. Despite having identical roles in preventing fouling and colonisation, HA and LA differentially affect the physiology of cultured HeLa human cells, indicating they have different molecular targets. From these data, we infer that the secondary metabolites within marine sponges may emerge by varying evolutionary and biosynthetic trajectories that converge on specific ecological roles"
Keywords:		"Animals Haliclona/*physiology HeLa Cells Humans Invertebrates/drug effects Larva/drug effects Metamorphosis, Biological/drug effects Pest Control Pheromones/*chemistry/*pharmacology Urochordata/*drug effects;"
Notes:		"MedlineRoper, K E Beamish, H Garson, M J Skilleter, G A Degnan, B M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2008/08/12 Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2009 Mar-Apr; 11(2):188-98. doi: 10.1007/s10126-008-9132-7. Epub 2008 Aug 9"