« Previous AbstractAir quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers    Next AbstractAroma exposure time and aroma concentration in relation to satiation »

Molecules

Title:		Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis
Author(s):		Ramadan NS; Wessjohann LA; Mocan A; Vodnar DC; El-Sayed NH; El-Toumy SA; Mohamed DA; Aziz ZA; Ehrlich A; Farag MA;
Address:		"Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt. Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt. Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt. Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"
Journal Title:		Molecules
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200522
Issue:		10
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/molecules25102423
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Averrhoa carambola L. is a tropical tree with edible fruit that grows at different climatic conditions. Despite its nutritive value and reported health benefits, it is a controversial fruit owing to its rich oxalate content. The present study aimed at investigating aroma and nutrient primary metabolites distribution in A. carambola fruits grown in Indonesia, Malaysia (its endemic origin) versus Egypt, and at different ripening stages. Two techniques were employed to assess volatile and non-volatile metabolites including headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) joined with gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS post silylation, respectively. Twenty-four volatiles were detected, with esters amounting for the major class of volatiles in Egyptian fruit at ca. 66%, with methyl caproate as the major component, distinguishing it from other origins. In contrast, aldehydes predominated tropically grown fruits with the ether myristicin found exclusively in these. Primary metabolites profiling led to the identification of 117 metabolites viz. sugars, polyols and organic acids. Fructose (38-48%) and glucose (21-25%) predominated sugar compositions in ripe fruits, whereas sorbitol was the major sugar alcohol (2.4-10.5%) in ripe fruits as well. Oxalic acid, an anti-nutrient with potential health risks, was the major organic acid detected in all the studied fruits (1.7-2.7%), except the Malaysian one (0.07%). It increases upon fruit ripening, including considerable amounts of volatile oxalate esters detected via SPME, and which must not be omitted in total oxalate determinations for safety assessments"
Keywords:		Averrhoa/chemistry/*metabolism Egypt Esters/chemistry Fruit/chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Malaysia *Metabolome Nutrients/chemistry/*metabolism Odorants/analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism A.Carambola L.Gc-ms;
Notes:		"MedlineRamadan, Nehal S Wessjohann, Ludger A Mocan, Andrei Vodnar, Dan C El-Sayed, Nabil H El-Toumy, Sayed A Mohamed, Doha Abdou Aziz, Zeinab Abdel Ehrlich, Anja Farag, Mohamed A eng Switzerland 2020/05/28 Molecules. 2020 May 22; 25(10):2423. doi: 10.3390/molecules25102423"