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Microbiol Res

Title:		Inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by endophytic Trichoderma spp. through mycoparasitism and volatile organic compounds
Author(s):		Rajani P; Rajasekaran C; Vasanthakumari MM; Olsson SB; Ravikanth G; Uma Shaanker R;
Address:		"School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India. School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India. Electronic address: drcrs70@gmail.com. School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India. Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560065, India. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, 560064, India. School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, India"
Journal Title:		Microbiol Res
Year:		2021
Volume:		20200917
Issue:
Page Number:		126595 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.micres.2020.126595
ISSN/ISBN:		1618-0623 (Electronic) 0944-5013 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Antagonism of plant pathogenic fungi by endophytic fungi is a well-known phenomenon. In plate assays, the antagonism could be due to mycoparasitism, competition for space or antibiosis, involving a chemical diffusate, or a volatile organic compound (VOC). In this study, we demonstrate that besides mycoparasitism, VOCs play a major role in antagonism of pathogenic fungi by four endophytic fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma. Using a double-plate assay, we show that all the four endophytic Trichoderma species significantly inhibited mycelial growth of three of the four pathogens, (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-TSS, Sclerotium rolfsii-CSR and Fusarium oxysporum-CFO), while that of Macrophomina phaseolina-CMP was not affected. GC-MS analysis of the pure cultures of one of the endophytic fungi studied, namely, Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain 2 (Acc. No. MK751758) and the pathogens, F. oxysporum-CFO and M. phaseolina-CMP revealed the presence of several VOCs including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, acids, ethers and different classes of terpenes. In mixed double plates, where the endophyte was grown along with either of the two plant pathogens, F. oxysporum-CFO or M. phaseolina-CMP, there was an induction of a number of new VOCs that were not detected in the pure cultures of either the endophyte or the pathogens. Several of these new VOCs are reported to possess antifungal and cytotoxic activity. We discuss these results and highlight the importance of such interactions in endophyte-pathogen interactions"
Keywords:		Antibiosis Antifungal Agents/pharmacology Ascomycota Biological Control Agents Endophytes/drug effects Fungi/*drug effects Fusarium/drug effects Hypocreales Plant Diseases/*microbiology Plants/*microbiology Trichoderma/classification/isolation & purificat;
Notes:		"MedlineRajani, P Rajasekaran, C Vasanthakumari, M M Olsson, Shannon B Ravikanth, G Uma Shaanker, R eng Germany 2020/10/06 Microbiol Res. 2021 Jan; 242:126595. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126595. Epub 2020 Sep 17"