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J Nat Prod

Title:		Macrolides and alcohols as scent gland constituents of the Madagascan frog Mantidactylus femoralis and their intraspecific diversity
Author(s):		Poth D; Peram PS; Vences M; Schulz S;
Address:		"Institut fur Organische Chemie, Technische Universitat Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"
Journal Title:		J Nat Prod
Year:		2013
Volume:		20130904
Issue:		9
Page Number:		1548 - 1558
DOI:		10.1021/np400131q
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-6025 (Electronic) 0163-3864 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Acoustic and, to a lesser degree, visual signals are the predominant means of signaling in frogs. Nevertheless, certain lineages such as the mantelline frogs from Madagascar use the chemical communication channel as well. Males possess femoral glands on the hind legs, which recently have been shown to contain volatile compounds used in communication as pheromones. Many mantelline species occur in sympatry, and so far species recognition is regarded to occur mainly by acoustic signals. The analysis of the gland constituents of Mantidactylus femoralis by GC/MS revealed the presence of volatile macrolides and secondary alcohols. The new natural products mantidactolides A (4) and B (6), as well as several methyl carbinols, were identified, and their structures were confirmed by synthesis. The analysis of individuals from different locations of Madagascar revealed the presence of two groups characterized by specific patterns of compounds. While one group contained the alcohols and mantidactolide B, the other showed specific presence of the macrolides phoracantholide I (1) and mantidactolide A (4). Genetic analysis of some individuals showed no congruence between genetic relatedness and gland constituents. Several other individuals from related species had different gland compositions. This suggests that a basic set of biosynthetic machinery might be available to a broader group of related species"
Keywords:		Alcohols/*metabolism Animals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Macrolides/*chemistry/*isolation & purification/pharmacology Madagascar Male Molecular Structure Pheromones/*genetics/*physiology Phylogeny Ranidae/*genetics/*physiology Scent Glands;
Notes:		"MedlinePoth, Dennis Peram, Pardha Saradhi Vences, Miguel Schulz, Stefan eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2013/09/06 J Nat Prod. 2013 Sep 27; 76(9):1548-58. doi: 10.1021/np400131q. Epub 2013 Sep 4"