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Protoplasma

Title:		"Floral micromorphology of the Australian carnivorous bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii, a putative pseudocopulatory species"
Author(s):		Plachno BJ; Stpiczynska M; Swiatek P; Davies KL;
Address:		"Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Krakow, Poland. bartosz.plachno@uj.edu.pl. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Botanic Garden Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478, Warsaw, Poland. Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK"
Journal Title:		Protoplasma
Year:		2016
Volume:		20151026
Issue:		6
Page Number:		1463 - 1473
DOI:		10.1007/s00709-015-0900-8
ISSN/ISBN:		1615-6102 (Electronic) 0033-183X (Print) 0033-183X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Flowers of sexually deceptive taxa generally possess a set of morphological and physiological characters that mimic their insect pollinators. These characters often include a specific insect-like floral configuration, together with scent glands (osmophores) that produce fragrances which chemically resemble insect sex pheromones. Furthermore, these flowers tend not to produce pollinator food rewards. According to some authors, flowers of the Australian bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii (and species of the Utricularia capilliflora complex) resemble insects, and pollination perhaps occurs by pseudocopulation. The aims of this paper are to compare the structure and distribution of floral glandular trichomes in the Australian carnivorous plant U. dunlopii with those of closely related species assigned to the same section and to discuss their putative function. Floral tissues of U. dunlopii P. Taylor, Utricularia paulinae Lowrie, Utricularia dichotoma Labill. and Utricularia uniflora R.Br. (section Pleiochasia) were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. In U. dunlopii, two long, erect, filiform appendages arising from the upper lip of the corolla, together with three arising from the lower lip, bear numerous glandular trichomes that may function as osmophores. In other species, such as U. uniflora and U. paulinae, glandular papillae on the corolla palate may also function as osmophores. The floral anatomical and morphological organisation of U. dunlopii differs from that of the other investigated species, indicating that its insect pollinators are also likely to differ. Morphological and ultrastructural observations, while generally contributing to our understanding of the flower of U. dunlopii, do not refute the possibility that pollination here may occur by pseudocopulation. Further field-based investigations, however, are now necessary to test this hypothesis"
Keywords:		Australia Flowers/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure Immunohistochemistry Lamiaceae/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure Species Specificity Trichomes/cytology/ultrastructure Bladderwort Carnivorous plant Lentibulariaceae Micromorphology Osmophore Polli;
Notes:		"MedlinePlachno, Bartosz J Stpiczynska, Malgorzata Swiatek, Piotr Davies, Kevin L eng Austria 2016/10/21 Protoplasma. 2016 Nov; 253(6):1463-1473. doi: 10.1007/s00709-015-0900-8. Epub 2015 Oct 26"