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J Environ Sci (China)

Title:		Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China
Author(s):		Peng Y; Wang H; Wang Q; Jing S; An J; Gao Y; Huang C; Yan R; Dai H; Cheng T; Zhang Q; Li M; Hu J; Shi Z; Li L; Lou S; Tao S; Hu Q; Lu J; Chen C;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: wanghl@saes.sh.cn. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: huangc@saes.sh.cn. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address: ttcheng@fudan.edu.cn. Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"
Journal Title:		J Environ Sci (China)
Year:		2023
Volume:		20220201
Issue:
Page Number:		794 - 805
DOI:		10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.040
ISSN/ISBN:		1001-0742 (Print) 1001-0742 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis Alkanes/analysis Alkenes/analysis Alkynes China Environmental Monitoring/methods Hydrocarbons/analysis Methane Natural Gas *Ozone/chemistry Solvents Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Characteristics I;
Notes:		"MedlinePeng, Yarong Wang, Hongli Wang, Qian Jing, Shengao An, Jingyu Gao, Yaqin Huang, Cheng Yan, Rusha Dai, Haixia Cheng, Tiantao Zhang, Qiang Li, Meng Hu, Jianlin Shi, Zhihao Li, Li Lou, Shengrong Tao, Shikang Hu, Qinyao Lu, Jun Chen, Changhong eng Netherlands 2022/10/02 J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Feb; 124:794-805. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.040. Epub 2022 Feb 1"