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Chemosphere

Title:		Evaluate the role of biochar during the organic waste composting process: A critical review
Author(s):		Nguyen MK; Lin C; Hoang HG; Sanderson P; Dang BT; Bui XT; Nguyen NSH; Vo DN; Tran HT;
Address:		"Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan. Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan. Electronic address: ctlin@nkust.edu.tw. Faculty of Health Sciences and Finance - Accounting, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 76100, Viet Nam. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam. Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, 23000, Viet Nam. Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: tranhuutuan@vlu.edu.vn"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220403
Issue:
Page Number:		134488 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134488
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Composting is very robust and efficient for the biodegradation of organic waste; however secondary pollutants, namely greenhouse gases (GHGs) and odorous emissions, are environmental concerns during this process. Biochar addition to compost has attracted the interest of scientists with a lot of publication in recent years because it has addressed this matter and enhanced the quality of compost mixture. This review aims to evaluate the role of biochar during organic waste composting and identify the gaps of knowledge in this field. Moreover, the research direction to fill knowledge gaps was proposed and highlighted. Results demonstrated the commonly referenced conditions during composting mixed biochar should be reached such as pH (6.5-7.5), moisture (50-60%), initial C/N ratio (20-25:1), biochar doses (1-20% w/w), improved oxygen content availability, enhanced the performance and humification, accelerating organic matter decomposition through faster microbial growth. Biochar significantly decreased GHGs and odorous emissions by adding a 5-10% dosage range due to its larger surface area and porosity. On the other hand, with high exchange capacity and interaction with organic matters, biochar enhanced the composting performance humification (e.g., formation humic and fulvic acid). Biochar could extend the thermophilic phase of composting, reduce the pH value, NH(3) emission, and prevent nitrogen losses through positive effects to nitrifying bacteria. The surfaces of the biochar particles are partly attributed to the presence of functional groups such as Si-O-Si, OH, COOH, CO, C-O, N for high cation exchange capacity and adsorption. Adding biochars could decrease NH(3) emissions in the highest range up to 98%, the removal efficiency of CH(4) emissions has been reported with a wide range greater than 80%. Biochar could absorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) more than 50% in the experiment based on distribution mechanisms and surface adsorption and efficient reduction in metal bioaccessibilities for Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cr and Cd. By applicating biochar improved the compost maturity by promoting enzymatic activity and germination index (>80%). However, physico-chemical properties of biochar such as particle size, pore size, pore volume should be clarified and its influence on the composting process evaluated in further studies"
Keywords:		Charcoal *Composting *Greenhouse Gases Manure Nitrogen/analysis Soil/chemistry Additives Enzyme activity Greenhouse gases emission Humification Microorganism Nitrogen losses;
Notes:		"MedlineNguyen, Minh Ky Lin, Chitsan Hoang, Hong Giang Sanderson, Peter Dang, Bao Trong Bui, Xuan Thanh Nguyen, Ngoc Son Hai Vo, Dai-Viet N Tran, Huu Tuan eng Review England 2022/04/07 Chemosphere. 2022 Jul; 299:134488. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134488. Epub 2022 Apr 3"