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Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol

Title:		"Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and larvicidal effects of essential oil from leaves of Apium graveolens"
Author(s):		Nagella P; Ahmad A; Kim SJ; Chung IM;
Address:		"Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"
Journal Title:		Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20110708
Issue:		2
Page Number:		205 - 209
DOI:		10.3109/08923973.2011.592534
ISSN/ISBN:		1532-2513 (Electronic) 0892-3973 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The leaves of Apium graveolens were extracted and the essential oil composition, immunotoxicity effects, and antioxidant activity were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), which revealed the essential oils of A. graveolens leaves. Twenty-eight components, representing 73.72% of the total oil were identified from the leaves. The major components are 4-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1-imidazolyl)-valerophenone (19.90%), 1-dodecanol (16.55%), 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.93%), ethyl 4,4-D2-N-hexyl ether (4.11%), 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenyl-1-heptadecyn-3-ol (3.28%), 1,4-methano-1H-indene, octahydro-4-methyl-8-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)-, [1S-(1alpha,3alphaalpha,4alpha,7alpha,7alphaalpha)]- (2.99%), 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-(3''-t-butyl)benzodioxepine (2.56%), Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (2.53%), 9H-pyrrolo[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-alpha]phthalazine-9, 11(10H)-dione, 10-ethyl-8-phenyl (2.07%). The leaf oil had significant toxic effects against the larvae of A. aegypti with an LC(50) value of 59.32 ppm and an LC(90) value of 127.69 ppm. The essential oil from the A. graveolens leaves was investigated for scavenging of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity and the results demonstrate that the essential oil from the A. graveolens has potential as a natural antioxidant and thus inhibit unwanted oxidation process. The above data indicate that the major compounds may play an important role in the toxicity of essential oils and also as natural antioxidant"
Keywords:		"*Aedes Animals Antioxidants/*chemistry Apium/*chemistry Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry Inhibitory Concentration 50 Larva/drug effects Oils, Volatile/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology Organic Chemicals/analys;"
Notes:		"MedlineNagella, Praveen Ahmad, Ateeque Kim, Sun-Jin Chung, Ill-Min eng England 2011/07/12 Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Apr; 34(2):205-9. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.592534. Epub 2011 Jul 8"