| Title: | Breath-Taking Perspectives and Preliminary Data toward Early Detection of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| Author(s): | Murgia A; Ahmed Y; Sweeney K; Nicholson-Scott L; Arthur K; Allsworth M; Boyle B; Gandelman O; Smolinska A; Ferrandino G; |
| Address: | "Owlstone Medical, 183 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, UK. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biomedicines9111563 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2227-9059 (Print) 2227-9059 (Electronic) 2227-9059 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The gold standard method for chronic liver diseases diagnosis and staging remains liver biopsy, despite the spread of less invasive surrogate modalities based on imaging and blood biomarkers. Still, more than 50% of chronic liver disease cases are detected at later stages when patients exhibit episodes of liver decompensation. Breath analysis represents an attractive means for the development of non-invasive tests for several pathologies, including chronic liver diseases. In this perspective review, we summarize the main findings of studies that compared the breath of patients with chronic liver diseases against that of control subjects and found candidate biomarkers for a potential breath test. Interestingly, identified compounds with best classification performance are of exogenous origin and used as flavoring agents in food. Therefore, random dietary exposure of the general population to these compounds prevents the establishment of threshold levels for the identification of disease subjects. To overcome this limitation, we propose the exogenous volatile organic compounds (EVOCs) probe approach, where one or multiple of these flavoring agent(s) are administered at a standard dose and liver dysfunction associated with chronic liver diseases is evaluated as a washout of ingested compound(s). We report preliminary results in healthy subjects in support of the potential of the EVOC Probe approach" |
| Keywords: | breath biopsy chronic liver diseases volatile organic compounds (VOC); |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEMurgia, Antonio Ahmed, Yusuf Sweeney, Kelly Nicholson-Scott, Louise Arthur, Kayleigh Allsworth, Max Boyle, Billy Gandelman, Olga Smolinska, Agnieszka Ferrandino, Giuseppe eng Review Switzerland 2021/11/28 Biomedicines. 2021 Oct 28; 9(11):1563. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9111563" |
