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Sci Total Environ

Title:		"Bromine enrichment in marsh sediments as a marker of environmental changes driven by Grand Solar Minima and anthropogenic activity (Caminha, NW of Portugal)"
Author(s):		Moreno J; Fatela F; Leorri E; Araujo MF; Moreno F; De la Rosa J; Freitas MC; Valente T; Corbett DR;
Address:		"Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro e Departamento de Geologia, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: jcmoreno@fc.ul.pt. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro e Departamento de Geologia, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. East Carolina University, Department of Geological Sciences, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain. Universidade do Minho, Centro de Investigacao Geologica, Ordenamento e Valorizacao de Recursos (CIG-R), Departamento de Ciencias da Terra, CIG-R, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2015
Volume:		20141126
Issue:
Page Number:		554 - 566
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.062
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"A sediment core collected in Caminha tidal marsh, NW Portugal, was used to assess bromine (Br) signal over the last ca. 1,700 years. The Br temporal variability reflects its close relationship with soil/sediment organic matter (OM) and also alterations in Br biogeochemical recycling in marsh environment. The highest Br enrichment in sediments was found during the Maunder Solar Minimum, a major solar event characterized by lower irradiance (TSI) and temperature, increased cloudiness and albedo. The obtained results suggest that those climate-induced changes weakened the natural mechanisms that promote Br biochemical transformations, driven by both living plants metabolism and plant litter degradation, with the ensuing generation of volatile methyl bromide (CH3Br). It seems that the prevailing climate conditions during the Maunder favoured the retention of more Br in marsh ecosystem, ultimately decreasing the biogenic Br emissions to the atmosphere. During the 20th century, the Br pattern in sediments appears to mirror likewise anthropogenic sources. The significant correlation (p<0.05) between Br/OM ratios and Pb contents in sediments after 1934 suggests a common source. This is most probably related with the rise, massive consumption and prohibition of leaded gasoline, where ethylene dibromide was added as lead scavenger to antiknock mixtures. More regionally, the concerted use of flame retardants on forest fire management, covering the 1980s through mid-1990s in the north of Portugal and Galicia, could be responsible for the observed increase of sediment Br (relatively to Pb) pool of this tidal marsh. Although man-made brominated compounds are being phased-out since the inception of the 1992 Montreal Protocol, the Caminha tidal marsh sedimentary record showed that Br levels only started to decline after 2002"
Keywords:		"Bromine/*analysis *Environmental Monitoring Geologic Sediments/*chemistry Portugal Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis *Wetlands Anthropogenic impacts Biogenic CH(3)Br emissions Bromine NW Iberia Solar activity Tidal marsh;"
Notes:		"MedlineMoreno, J Fatela, F Leorri, E Araujo, M F Moreno, F De la Rosa, J Freitas, M C Valente, T Corbett, D R eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2014/12/01 Sci Total Environ. 2015 Feb 15; 506-507:554-66. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.062. Epub 2014 Nov 26"