| Title: | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
| Author(s): | Mezzomo P; Weinhold A; Aurova K; Jorge LR; Kozel P; Michalek J; Novakova N; Seifert CL; Volfova T; Engstrom M; Salminen JP; Sedio BE; Volf M; |
| Address: | "Biology Centre CAS Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic. Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany. Institute of Biodiversity University of Jena Jena Germany. Centre Algatech CAS Institute of Microbiology Trebon Czech Republic. Biology Centre CAS Institute of Parasitology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic. Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-University Gottingen Gottingen Germany. Department of Chemistry University of Turku Turku Finland. Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Ancon Republic of Panama" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2045-7758 (Print) 2045-7758 (Electronic) 2045-7758 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore-specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding guild, and level of specialization. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed 149 plants of Salix fragilis (Linnaeus, 1753) to 22 herbivore species naturally associated with this host. The insects belonged to four orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera), three feeding guilds (external leaf-chewers, leaf-tying chewers, and sap-sucking), and included both dietary specialists and generalists. Following herbivory, we quantified induced changes in volatiles and nonvolatile leaf metabolites. We performed multivariate analyses to assess the correlation between herbivore order, feeding guild, dietary specialization, chewing damage by herbivores, and induced responses. The volatile composition was best explained by chewing damage and insect order, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera eliciting significantly different responses. Furthermore, we recorded significant differences in elicited volatiles among some species within the two orders. Variation in nonvolatile leaf metabolites was mainly explained by the presence of insects, as plants exposed to herbivores showed significantly different metabolites from controls. Herbivore order also played a role to some extent, with beetles eliciting different responses than other herbivores. The induction of volatile and nonvolatile leaf metabolites shows different levels of specificity. The specificity in volatiles could potentially serve as an important cue to specialized predators or parasitoids, increasing the efficacy of volatiles as indirect defenses. By contrast, the induction of nonvolatile leaf metabolites was largely unaffected by herbivore identity. Most nonvolatile metabolites were downregulated, possibly indicating that plants redirected their resources from leaves in response to herbivory. Our results demonstrate how diverse responses to herbivores can contribute to the diversity of plant defensive strategies" |
| Keywords: | Salix chemical diversity defense specificity herbivory induction specialized metabolites volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEMezzomo, Priscila Weinhold, Alexander Aurova, Klara Jorge, Leonardo R Kozel, Petr Michalek, Jan Novakova, Nela Seifert, Carlo L Volfova, Tereza Engstrom, Marica Salminen, Juha-Pekka Sedio, Brian E Volf, Martin eng England 2023/05/31 Ecol Evol. 2023 May 29; 13(5):e10123. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10123. eCollection 2023 May" |
