| Title: | "Identification, synthesis and mass spectrometry of a macrolide from the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris" |
| Author(s): | Menke M; Peram PS; Starnberger I; Hodl W; Jongsma GF; Blackburn DC; Rodel MO; Vences M; Schulz S; |
| Address: | "Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Department for Integrative Zoology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States of America. Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute of Zoology, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1860-5397 (Print) 1860-5397 (Electronic) 1860-5397 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The contents of the gular glands of the male African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris consist of a mixture of aliphatic macrolides and sesquiterpenes. While the known macrolide gephyromantolide A was readily identified, the structure of another major component was suggested to be a tetradecen-13-olide. The synthesis of the two candidate compounds (Z)-5- and (Z)-9-tetradecen-13-olide revealed the former to be the naturally occurring compound. The synthesis used ring-closing metathesis as key step. While the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst furnished a broad range of isomeric products, the (Z)-selective Grubbs catalyst lead to pure (Z)-products. Analysis by chiral GC revealed the natural frog compound to be (5Z,13S)-5-tetradecen-13-olide (1). This compound is also present in the secretion of other hyperoliid frogs as well as in femoral glands of male mantellid frogs such as Spinomantis aglavei. The mass spectra of the synthesized macrolides as well as their rearranged isomers obtained during ring-closing metathesis showed that it is possible to assign the location of the double bond in an unsaturated macrolide on the basis of its EI mass spectrum. The occurrence of characteristic ions can be explained by the fragmentation pathway proposed in the article. In contrast, the localization of a double bond in many aliphatic open-chain compounds like alkenes, alcohols or acetates, important structural classes of pheromones, is usually not possible from an EI mass spectrum. In the article, we present the synthesis and for the first time elucidate the structure of macrolides from the frog family Hyperoliidae" |
| Keywords: | chemical communication chiral gas chromatography macrocyclic lactones pheromones ring-closing metathesis; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEMenke, Markus Peram, Pardha Saradhi Starnberger, Iris Hodl, Walter Jongsma, Gregory Fm Blackburn, David C Rodel, Mark-Oliver Vences, Miguel Schulz, Stefan eng Germany 2017/02/02 Beilstein J Org Chem. 2016 Dec 13; 12:2731-2738. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.12.269. eCollection 2016" |
