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Environ Health Perspect

Title:		Effects of low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed particle trap on the composition and toxicity of diesel emissions
Author(s):		McDonald JD; Harrod KS; Seagrave J; Seilkop SK; Mauderly JL;
Address:		"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA. jmcdonal@lrri.org"
Journal Title:		Environ Health Perspect
Year:		2004
Volume:		112
Issue:		13
Page Number:		1307 - 1312
DOI:		10.1289/ehp.7059
ISSN/ISBN:		0091-6765 (Print) 1552-9924 (Electronic) 0091-6765 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study we compared a 'baseline' condition of uncontrolled diesel engine exhaust (DEE) emissions generated with current (circa 2003) certification fuel to an emissions-reduction (ER) case with low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed particle trap. Lung toxicity assessments (resistance to respiratory viral infection, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress) were performed on mice (C57Bl/6) exposed by inhalation (6 hr/day for 7 days). The engine was operated identically (same engine load) in both cases, and the inhalation exposures were conducted at the same exhaust dilution rate. For baseline DEE, this dilution resulted in a particle mass (PM) concentration of approximately 200 microg/m3 PM, whereas the ER reduced the PM and almost every other measured constituent [except nitrogen oxides (NOx)] to near background levels in the exposure atmospheres. These measurements included PM, PM size distribution, PM composition (carbon, ions, elements), NOx, carbon monoxide, speciated/total volatile hydrocarbons, and several classes of semivolatile organic compounds. After exposure concluded, one group of mice was immediately sacrificed and assessed for inflammation and oxidative stress in lung homogenate. Another group of mice were intratracheally instilled with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and RSV lung clearance and inflammation was assessed 4 days later. Baseline DEE produced statistically significant biological effects for all measured parameters. The use of low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed trap either completely or nearly eliminated the effects"
Keywords:		"Animals Catalysis *Inhalation Exposure Lung/drug effects/pathology Metals, Heavy/toxicity Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Oxidative Stress Particle Size Reference Values Sulfur/*analysis Vehicle Emissions/*toxicity;"
Notes:		"MedlineMcDonald, Jacob D Harrod, Kevin S Seagrave, JeanClare Seilkop, Steven K Mauderly, Joe L eng P30 ES-012072/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2004/09/04 Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):1307-12. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7059"