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Sci Rep

Title:		Herbivore-induced volatile emission from old-growth black poplar trees under field conditions
Author(s):		McCormick AC; Irmisch S; Boeckler GA; Gershenzon J; Kollner TG; Unsicker SB;
Address:		"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. Massey University, College of Sciences, Tennent Drive, 4410, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. sunsicker@ice.mpg.de"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190522
Issue:		1
Page Number:		7714 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-019-43931-y
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Herbivory is well known to trigger increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants, but we know little about the responses of mature trees. We measured the volatiles emitted by leaves of old-growth black poplar (Populus nigra) trees after experimental damage by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars in a floodplain forest, and studied the effect of herbivory on the transcript abundance of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of VOCs, and the accumulation of defence phytohormones. Herbivory significantly increased volatile emission from the experimentally damaged foliage, but not from adjacent undamaged leaves in the damaged branches (i.e., no systemic response). Methylbutyraldoximes, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-beta-ocimene, amongst other compounds, were found to be important in distinguishing the blend of herbivore-damaged vs. undamaged leaves. Herbivory also increased expression of PnTPS3 (described here for the first time) and PnCYP79D6-v4 genes at the damaged sites, these genes encode for an (E)-beta-ocimene synthase and a P450 enzyme involved in aldoxime formation, respectively, demonstrating de novo biosynthesis of the volatiles produced. Herbivore-damaged leaves had significantly higher levels of jasmonic acid and its conjugate (-)-jasmonic acid-isoleucine. This study shows that mature trees in the field have a robust response to herbivory, producing induced volatiles at the damaged sites even after previous natural herbivory and under changing environmental conditions, however, further studies are needed to establish whether the observed absence of systemic responses is typical of mature poplar trees or if specific conditions are required for their induction"
Keywords:		"Animals Cyclopentanes/analysis Feeding Behavior Genes, Plant *Herbivory Larva Moths/growth & development Oxylipins/analysis Plant Leaves/metabolism Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Populus/genetics/*physiology Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis;"
Notes:		"MedlineMcCormick, Andrea Clavijo Irmisch, Sandra Boeckler, G Andreas Gershenzon, Jonathan Kollner, Tobias G Unsicker, Sybille B eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2019/05/24 Sci Rep. 2019 May 22; 9(1):7714. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43931-y"