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Exp Dermatol

Title:		"The antimicrobial peptide pheromone Plantaricin A increases antioxidant defenses of human keratinocytes and modulates the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, beta-defensin 2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes"
Author(s):		Marzani B; Pinto D; Minervini F; Calasso M; Di Cagno R; Giuliani G; Gobbetti M; De Angelis M;
Address:		"Giuliani S.p.A. R&D, Milan, Italy"
Journal Title:		Exp Dermatol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120629
Issue:		9
Page Number:		665 - 671
DOI:		10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01538.x
ISSN/ISBN:		1600-0625 (Electronic) 0906-6705 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Plantaricin A (PlnA) is a peptide with antimicrobial and pheromone activities. PlnA was synthesized chemically and used as a pure peptide or synthesized biologically using Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 co-cultured with Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) was used as a crude PlnA preparation. As estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assays, both PlnA preparations increased the antioxidant defenses of human NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. PlnA (10 mug/ml) had a higher activity than hyaluronic acid or 125 mug/ml alpha-tocopherol. Effects on the transcriptional regulation of filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), hyaluronan synthase (HAS2), human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) genes were assayed. Compared with the control, expression of the FLG gene in NCTC 2544 cells increased in cells treated with hyaluronic acid, 1 or 10 mug/ml PlnA. Compared with the control, the level of IVL gene expression increased in NCTC 2544 cells treated with 10 mug/ml PlnA. No significant difference was found between the level of the HAS2 gene expressed by control cells and cells treated with PlnA. Compared with chemically synthesized PlnA, the up-regulation of the HBD-2 gene by CFS was higher. Compared with the control, expression of TNF-alpha decreased in NCTC 2544 cells after treatment with 1 or 10 mug/ml of chemically synthesized PlnA. In contrast, the level of TNF-alpha was highest in the presence of 10 mug/ml CFS-PlnA. These findings suggest that the PlnA was positively sensed by human keratinocytes, promoting antioxidant defenses, barrier functions and antimicrobial activity of the skin"
Keywords:		"Analysis of Variance Bacteriocins/*pharmacology Cell Survival/drug effects Cells, Cultured Filaggrin Proteins Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics/metabolism Humans Hyaluronan Synthases Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology Int;"
Notes:		"MedlineMarzani, Barbara Pinto, Daniela Minervini, Fabio Calasso, Maria Di Cagno, Raffaella Giuliani, Giammaria Gobbetti, Marco De Angelis, Maria eng Denmark 2012/06/30 Exp Dermatol. 2012 Sep; 21(9):665-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01538.x. Epub 2012 Jun 29"