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Title:		Cluster analysis of urinary tobacco biomarkers among U.S. adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) biomarker study (2013-2014)
Author(s):		Majeed B; Linder D; Eissenberg T; Tarasenko Y; Smith D; Ashley D;
Address:		"Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America. Electronic address: bmajeed@augusta.edu. Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America. Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America. Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States of America. Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America. Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America"
Journal Title:		Prev Med
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200718
Issue:
Page Number:		106218 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106218
ISSN/ISBN:		1096-0260 (Electronic) 0091-7435 (Print) 0091-7435 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Tobacco use delivers nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are metabolized and excreted in urine offering useful biomarkers of exposure. Previous studies compared individual toxicants across tobacco users. Based on a group of biomarkers, cluster analysis was used to define tobacco toxicant exposure profiles. Clusters with distinct exposure profiles, were determined and described, based on levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, TSNAs, VOCs, and PAHs among a national sample of current, established, adult tobacco users, and examine the association of use behavior and cluster membership. The PATH Biomarker Wave 1 data were analyzed. Current established tobacco users with complete urinary biomarker data were included (N = 6724). User groups included cigarette smokers, users of electronic cigarette (ECIG), smokeless tobacco (SLT), and dual and poly tobacco users. Cluster analysis, pairwise comparisons, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Cigarette smokers were primarily in clusters with high biomarker concentrations across all groups, but actual concentrations were associated with smoking quantity. A cluster with high TSNAs but low levels of PAHs and VOCs was heavily populated by SLT users. Exclusive ECIG users, depending on use frequency, were predominantly in clusters with low biomarker concentrations, except for one cluster that had relatively high TSNAs. Clusters heavily populated by dual and poly tobacco users were the same as those heavily populated by cigarette smokers. Ten exposure profiles (clusters) were determined and linked to tobacco use behavior. Findings could inform future research and policy initiatives"
Keywords:		"Adult Biomarkers Cluster Analysis *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Humans Tobacco *Tobacco Products *Tobacco, Smokeless Dual use Ecig Exposure profile Poly use Smokeless tobacco Smoking Tobacco biomarkers;"
Notes:		"MedlineMajeed, Ban Linder, Daniel Eissenberg, Thomas Tarasenko, Yelena Smith, Danielle Ashley, David eng U54 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2020/07/22 Prev Med. 2020 Nov; 140:106218. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106218. Epub 2020 Jul 18"