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J Chem Ecol

Title:		The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction
Author(s):		Lusebrink I; Girling RD; Farthing E; Newman TA; Jackson CW; Poppy GM;
Address:		"Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. I.Lusebrink@soton.ac.uk. Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK. CES, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20150930
Issue:		10
Page Number:		904 - 912
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-015-0624-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"There is growing evidence of a substantial decline in pollinators within Europe and North America, most likely caused by multiple factors such as diseases, poor nutrition, habitat loss, insecticides, and environmental pollution. Diesel exhaust could be a contributing factor to this decline, since we found that diesel exhaust rapidly degrades floral volatiles, which honey bees require for flower recognition. In this study, we exposed eight of the most common floral volatiles to diesel exhaust in order to investigate whether it can affect volatile mediated plant-pollinator interaction. Exposure to diesel exhaust altered the blend of common flower volatiles significantly: myrcene was considerably reduced, beta-ocimene became undetectable, and beta-caryophyllene was transformed into its cis-isomer isocaryophyllene. Proboscis extension response (PER) assays showed that the alterations of the blend reduced the ability of honey bees to recognize it. The chemically reactive nitrogen oxides fraction of diesel exhaust gas was identified as capable of causing degradation of floral volatiles"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*chemistry Animals Bees/*drug effects/physiology Flowers/chemistry Gasoline/analysis Nitrogen Oxides/chemistry Odorants/analysis Smell/*drug effects *Vehicle Emissions Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry Diesel exhaust Floral scent compou;
Notes:		"MedlineLusebrink, Inka Girling, Robbie D Farthing, Emily Newman, Tracey A Jackson, Chris W Poppy, Guy M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2015/10/02 J Chem Ecol. 2015 Oct; 41(10):904-12. doi: 10.1007/s10886-015-0624-4. Epub 2015 Sep 30"