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Molecules

Title:		Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms
Author(s):		Loulier J; Lefort F; Stocki M; Asztemborska M; Szmigielski R; Siwek K; Grzywacz T; Hsiang T; Slusarski S; Oszako T; Klisz M; Tarakowski R; Nowakowska JA;
Address:		"InTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland. Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland. Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Sekocin Stary, Poland. Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Sekocin Stary, Poland. Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland. Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3 Street, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"
Journal Title:		Molecules
Year:		2020
Volume:		20201205
Issue:		23
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/molecules25235749
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (Armillaria gallica, Armillaria ostoyae, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium poae, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma asperellum) and four oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. plurivora, P. ramorum) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of F. poae, R. solani and T. asperellum appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except R. solani) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by P. ramorum, F. poae, T. asperellum and R. solani, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services"
Keywords:		Electronic Nose Fungi/*chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods Odorants/analysis Oomycetes/*chemistry Smell Solid Phase Microextraction/*methods Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry EI mass spectrometry Spme-gc/ms VOCs e-nose fungi oomyce;
Notes:		"MedlineLoulier, Jeremie Lefort, Francois Stocki, Marcin Asztemborska, Monika Szmigielski, Rafal Siwek, Krzysztof Grzywacz, Tomasz Hsiang, Tom Slusarski, Slawomir Oszako, Tomasz Klisz, Marcin Tarakowski, Rafal Nowakowska, Justyna Anna eng BIOSTRATEG 3/347105/9/NCBR/2017/Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju/ Switzerland 2020/12/10 Molecules. 2020 Dec 5; 25(23):5749. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235749"