| Title: | Emissions from ships' activities in the anchorage zone: A potential source of sub-micron aerosols in port areas |
| Author(s): | Loh A; Kim D; Hwang K; An JG; Choi N; Hyun S; Yim UH; |
| Address: | "Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea. Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea. Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: uhyim@kiost.ac.kr" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131775 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-3336 (Electronic) 0304-3894 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Busan Port is among the world's top ten most air-polluted ports, but the role of the anchorage zone as a significant contributor to pollution has not been studied. To assess the emission characteristics of sub-micron aerosols, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed in Busan, South Korea from September 10 to October 6, 2020. The concentration of all AMS-identified species and black carbon were highest when the winds came from the anchorage zone (11.9 microg.m(-3)) and lowest with winds from the open ocean (6.64 microg.m(-3)). The positive matrix factorization model identified one hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) sources. HOAs were highest with winds from Busan Port, while oxidized OOAs were predominant with winds from the anchorage zone (less oxidized) and the open ocean (more oxidized). We calculated the emissions from the anchorage zone using ship activity data and compared them to the total emissions from Busan Port. Our results suggest that emissions from ship activities in the anchorage zone should be considered a significant source of pollution in the Busan Port area, especially given the substantial contributions of gaseous emissions (NOx: 8.78%; volatile organic compounds: 7.52%) and their oxidized moieties as secondary aerosols" |
| Keywords: | Aerosol mass spectrometer Anchorage zone Busan Port Ship activities Sub-micron aerosol; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINELoh, Andrew Kim, Donghwi Hwang, Kyucheol An, Joon Geon Choi, Narin Hyun, Sangmin Yim, Un Hyuk eng Netherlands 2023/06/10 J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 5; 457:131775. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131775. Epub 2023 Jun 3" |
