| Title: | Emission factors of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships in China |
| Author(s): | Liang X; Wang L; Du W; Chen Y; Yun X; Chen Y; Shen G; Shen H; Yang X; Tao S; |
| Address: | "Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. Electronic address: wanglz@hainanu.edu.cn. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China. College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122483 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The rapid growth of maritime traffic, transportation, and fishery activities has increased shipping emissions and degraded the air quality in coastal areas. As a result, controlling ocean-based pollution sources have become increasingly important. This study investigated the real-world emission characteristics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs, a group of highly toxic semi-volatile organic compounds) from five types of offshore ships using diesel oil: small and medium fishing ships, tug boats, ferry, and engineering ships, under various driving mode. Both gaseous and particle emission factors (EF) of four specific OPAHs were determined in our study. Among the OPAHs species emitted from ships, 9-fluorenone (9FO; 72%) and anthrathrace-9,10-quinone (ATQ; 25%) were the most abundant. The arithmetic mean of the sum of gaseous OPAHs EFs for all ships in this study was 2.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg fuel burned, and the mean particulate OPAHs EF was 4.7 +/- 7.9 mg/kg. Small fishing ships had the highest total OPAHs EFs (31.0 +/- 17.0 mg/kg). Apart from small fishing ships, there was no significant difference in the total EF of OPAHs for the other four types of ships. The emissions of the four OPAHs are predominantly in the particulate phase. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the four OPAHs under different driving mode. According to estimates, the annual OPAH emissions from the four types of ships in Hainan in 2017 were approximately 4.2 (range: 2.7-7.0) tons, dwarfing the OPAH emissions from diesel-powered on-road vehicles in China (23.5 kg)" |
| Keywords: | Driving mode Emission factor Oxygenate-PAHs Ships; |
| Notes: | "PublisherLiang, Xuyang Wang, Lizhi Du, Wei Chen, Yuanchen Yun, Xiao Chen, Yilin Shen, Guofeng Shen, Huizhong Yang, Xin Tao, Shu eng England 2023/09/06 Environ Pollut. 2023 Sep 3; 337:122483. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122483" |
