« Previous Abstract"Characterization and Evaluation of Aroma Quality in Doubanjiang, a Chinese Traditional Fermented Red Pepper Paste, Using Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis and a Sensory Profile"    Next AbstractNon-invasive plant disease diagnostics enabled by smartphone-based fingerprinting of leaf volatiles »

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Title:		Effect of spraying direction on the exposure to handlers with hand-pumped knapsack sprayer in maize field
Author(s):		Li Z; Liu W; Wu C; She D;
Address:		"Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: dmshe@ippcaas.cn"
Journal Title:		Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Year:		2019
Volume:		20181204
Issue:
Page Number:		107 - 111
DOI:		10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.121
ISSN/ISBN:		1090-2414 (Electronic) 0147-6513 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Only less than one percent applied pesticides reach the target pest, the remainder spread out into the environment, effecting on workers, bystanders, consumers and so on. Handlers with manual knapsack sprayer are completely exposed to the pesticide spray plume when they deal with the pesticides. Those kinds of sprayer are widely used in developing countries, more than 75% of farmers using hand-pumped knapsack sprayer in China, yet rarely systematic studies had been focused on the typical applying scenario. The occupational exposure of pesticide is highly correlated with the pesticide spray plume flying time in the air in this scenario. Our study aimed to compare the estimated exposure level of handlers to chlorpyrifos sprayed at three spraying direction using a lever-operated knapsack in small farms in five agro-climatic zones of China. Experiments were performed by 24 farms in each province with three different crop heights (?ª+130?ª+cm, spraying upward; eight farms for every direction) under typical field conditions. Each farmer covered a uniform area of 667?ª+m(2). The whole body dosimetry method and a personal air sampler were used to monitor the dermal and inhalation exposure. The estimated dermal exposure of the three spraying direction was 629, 1580, and 2140?ª+mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the total dermal exposure level increased with the spraying direction from downward to upward. Furthermore, appropriate cotton coveralls could reduce more than 90% of the total dermal exposure"
Keywords:		"China Chlorpyrifos/analysis Crops, Agricultural *Farmers Humans Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Occupational Exposure/*analysis Pesticides/*analysis Protective Clothing Zea mays Dermal exposure Inhalation exposure Knapsack sprayer Spraying direction;"
Notes:		"MedlineLi, Zhikang Liu, Wanli Wu, Changcai She, Dongmei eng Netherlands 2018/12/12 Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 15; 170:107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.121. Epub 2018 Dec 4"