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Environ Pollut

Title:		"Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds based on 1-year of observational data in Tianjin, China"
Author(s):		Liu B; Liang D; Yang J; Dai Q; Bi X; Feng Y; Yuan J; Xiao Z; Zhang Y; Xu H;
Address:		"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: bixh@nankai.edu.cn. Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin, 300191, China"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160825
Issue:
Page Number:		757 - 769
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.072
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"From November 2014 to October 2015, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), O(3) and NOx were simultaneously monitored by using online instruments at the air monitoring station belonged to Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau (TEPB). The results indicated that VOCs concentrations were higher in autumn and lower in spring, while O(3) concentrations were higher in summer, and lower in winter. The diurnal variations of VOCs and NOx (NO(2) plus NO) showed opposite tendency comparing to that of O(3). The concentrations of alkanes were higher (the average of 18.2 ppbv) than that of aromatics (5.3 ppbv) and alkenes (5.2 ppbv), however, the alkenes and aromatics made larger contributions to ozone because of their high reactivity. Tianjin belonged to the VOC-limited region during most of seasons (except summer) according to the VOC/NOx ratios (the 8:1 threshold). The automobile exhaust, industrial emission, liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas (LPG/NG), combustion, gasoline evaporation, internal combustion engine emission and solvent usage were identified as major sources of VOCs by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model in Tianjin, and the contributions to VOCs for the entire year were 23.1%, 19.9%, 18.6%, 10.6%, 8.7%, 5.4% and 4.7%, respectively. The conditional probability function (CPF) analysis indicated that the contributing directions of automobile exhaust and industrial emission were mainly affected by source distributions, and that of other sources might be mainly affected by wind direction. The backward trajectory analysis indicated that the trajectory of air mass originated from Mongolia, which reflected the features of large-scale and long-distance air transport, and that of beginning in Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin, which showed the features of small-scale and short-distance. Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei and Northwest of Shandong were identified as major potential source-areas of VOCs by using potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Alkanes/analysis Alkenes/analysis China Environmental Monitoring/*methods Fossil Fuels Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis *Industry Mongolia Nitrogen Oxides/analysis Ozone/*analysis Seasons Solvents *Vehicle Emissions/analysis Volati;"
Notes:		"MedlineLiu, Baoshuang Liang, Danni Yang, Jiamei Dai, Qili Bi, Xiaohui Feng, Yinchang Yuan, Jie Xiao, Zhimei Zhang, Yufen Xu, Hong eng England 2016/08/28 Environ Pollut. 2016 Nov; 218:757-769. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.072. Epub 2016 Aug 25"