| Title: | Identification of the Sex Pheromone of the Spherical Mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis |
| Author(s): | Levi-Zada A; Steiner S; Fefer D; Kaspi R; |
| Address: | "Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel. anatzada@volcani.agri.gov.il. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-019-01075-3 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The spherical mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis is a pest of several major crops including soybeans, grapes and citrus varieties. Sessile virgin females of N. viridis release two volatiles, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl-3-cyclopentene-1-methanol (gamma-necrodol) and gamma-necrodyl isobutyrate, on a circadian rhythm with peak at 17:00 (11 hr of photophase) as determined by automated, sequential solid phase micro extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The females increased the released amounts with age by about seven-fold from 5 to 6 d to 10-12 d of age. trans-3,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol (trans-alpha-necrodol) and trans-alpha-necrodyl acetate, found in essential oil of Spanish lavender, Lavandula luisieri, were rearranged to gamma-necrodol and then used to synthesize gamma-necrodyl isobutyrate. GC-MS and NMR data confirmed the identifications. In a petri dish bioassay, N. viridis males were significantly attracted to filter paper discs impregnated with gamma-necrodyl isobutyrate but not to gamma-necrodol or controls. A mixture of the two compounds was not more attractive than gamma-necrodyl isobutyrate alone. Similar results were obtained with trapping flying adults, suggesting that the sex pheromone consists only of gamma-necrodyl isobutyrate. This compound has not been reported previously in insects. Conversion of alpha-necrodol in lavender essential oil simplifies the synthesis of the sex pheromone and should allow its use in management of this cosmopolitan invasive pest" |
| Keywords: | Animals Cyclopentanes/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Hemiptera/*chemistry/physiology Isomerism Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Monoterpenes/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology S; |
| Notes: | "MedlineLevi-Zada, Anat Steiner, Sara Fefer, Daniela Kaspi, Roy eng 20-02-0071/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/ 2019/05/30 J Chem Ecol. 2019 Jun; 45(5-6):455-463. doi: 10.1007/s10886-019-01075-3. Epub 2019 May 29" |
