| Title: | GC-MS study of changes in polar/mid-polar and volatile compounds in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) during fruit growth |
| Author(s): | Ledesma-Escobar CA; Priego-Capote F; Robles-Olvera VJ; Garcia-Torres R; Reyes De Corcuera JI; Luque de Castro MD; |
| Address: | "Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex C-3, Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. University of Cordoba Agrifood Excellence Campus, Cordoba, Spain. Unidad de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico - Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA. Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1097-0010 (Electronic) 0022-5142 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits possess a high content of bioactive compounds whose changes during fruit maturation have not been studied in depth. Fruits were sampled from week 1, after fruit onset (7 days after flowering), to week 14. Volatile compounds isolated by headspace-solid-phase microextraction and polar extracts from all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The relative abundance of 107 identified metabolites allowed differences among samples at different stages of fruit growth to be established. Principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination among samples, and analysis of variance revealed significant differences in 94 out of the 107 metabolites. Among total volatiles, monoterpenes increased their relative abundance from 86% to 94% during fruit growth, d-limonene, gamma-terpinene and beta-pinene being the most abundant; conversely, sesquiterpenes decreased from 11.5% to 2.8%, beta-bisabolene and alpha-bergamotene being the most concentrated. Sugars, in general, exhibited a gradual increase in abundance, reaching a maximum between weeks 9 and 12. Citric and malic acids, representing approximately 90% of the total identified carboxylic acids, reached a maximum concentration at commercial maturity (week 14). CONCLUSION: Of the 107 tentatively identified metabolites during Persian lime growth, sugars, carboxylic acids, and volatiles were those that experienced more significant changes and more clearly created differences among fruit growth stages. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical Industry" |
| Keywords: | Carboxylic Acids/metabolism Citrus/growth & development/*metabolism Fruit/*chemistry/growth & development Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Sugars/metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism Persian lime citrus fruits fruit growth gas chro; |
| Notes: | "MedlineLedesma-Escobar, Carlos A Priego-Capote, Feliciano Robles-Olvera, Victor J Garcia-Torres, Rosalia Reyes De Corcuera, Jose I Luque de Castro, Maria D eng 252846/National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)/ CTQ-2015-68813R/The Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Junta de Andalucia and FEDER program/ FQM-1602/The Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Junta de Andalucia and FEDER program/ England 2018/07/17 J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Feb; 99(3):1020-1028. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9266. Epub 2018 Sep 10" |
