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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Discovery and Development of Chemical Attractants Used to Trap Pestiferous Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Author(s):		Landolt P; Zhang QH;
Address:		"USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA. peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov. Sterling International Inc., 3808 N. Sullivan Rd, Bldg 16, Spokane, WA, 99216, USA"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160719
Issue:		7
Page Number:		655 - 665
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-016-0721-z
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Chemical attractants for trapping temperate social wasps have been discovered during the screening of chemicals as attractants for flies, the study of pentatomid bug pheromones, and the testing of volatiles of fermented sweet baits. Wasp attraction to these chemicals seems to be related to either food-finding or prey-finding behavior. Of these attractive chemicals, commercial lures marketed in North America for trapping wasps generally contain heptyl butyrate, or the combination of acetic acid and 2-methyl-1-butanol. Heptyl butyrate is a very good attractant for two major pest wasp species in North America and minor wasp pests in the Vespula rufa species group. The combination of acetic acid with isobutanol attracted nearly all North American pest species of social wasps, including yellowjackets (Vespula and Dolichovespula), a hornet (Vespa crabro), and several paper wasps (Polistes spp.). The testing of wasp chemical attractants in different geographic areas demonstrated responses of many wasp taxa and showed a broad potential scope for the marketing of trap lures. Comparisons of compounds structurally similar to isobutanol revealed similar activity with 2-methyl-1-butanol, which is now used commercially because of a vapor pressure that is more favorable than isobutanol for formulations and dispensers. Doses and concentrations needed for good wasp catches were determined for heptyl butyrate, acetic acid, isobutanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol, either formulated in water or dispensed from a controlled release device. Trap designs were developed based on consumer considerations; visual appeal, ease and safety of use, and low environmental impact. The resultant lures and traps are marketed in numerous physical and on-line retail outlets throughout the United States and southern Canada"
Keywords:		Animals Biological Assay Drug Compounding Drug Discovery/*methods Insect Control/*methods Pheromones/chemistry/*pharmacology Wasps/*drug effects 2-Methyl-1-butanol Acetic acid Attractant Dolichovespula Heptyl butyrate Isobutanol Polistes Social wasp Trap;
Notes:		"MedlineLandolt, Peter Zhang, Qing-He eng Review 2016/07/21 J Chem Ecol. 2016 Jul; 42(7):655-65. doi: 10.1007/s10886-016-0721-z. Epub 2016 Jul 19"