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Pest Manag Sci

Title:		Adding microencapsulated pear ester to insecticides for control of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple
Author(s):		Knight AL; Light DM;
Address:		"Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951, USA. alan.knight@ars.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		Pest Manag Sci
Year:		2013
Volume:		20120714
Issue:		1
Page Number:		66 - 74
DOI:		10.1002/ps.3363
ISSN/ISBN:		1526-4998 (Electronic) 1526-498X (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: The possibility of improving the efficacy of various insecticides for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), by the addition of a microencapsulated formulation of pear ester, ethyl (2E, 4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (PE-MEC, 5% AI), was evaluated in field trials in apple from 2005 to 2009. RESULTS: The addition of PE-MEC (<3.0 g AI ha(-1) ) significantly lowered fruit injury with low rates of organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides. The addition of PE-MEC (1.48 g AI ha(-1) ) to maximum label rates of insecticides with moderate activity for codling moth, such as ebamectin benzoate, spinosad and methoxyfenozide, significantly improved their effectiveness. However, PE-MEC did not consistently improve the activity of maximum label rates of either rynaxypyr or spinetoram. The addition of PE-MEC with seasonal spray programs of acetamiprid and azinphos-methyl in combination with the use of sex pheromones for mating disruption provided the most effective control. CONCLUSION: The addition of PE-MEC can improve the effectiveness of some insecticides for codling moth in apple. Insecticides active via dermal toxicity are more strongly improved by the addition of PE-MEC. Season-long use of PE-MEC can also augment the effectiveness of mating disruption. Adding PE-MEC to variable integrated management programs for C. pomonella should be further investigated"
Keywords:		Animals Decanoates/*pharmacology Insect Control/*methods Insecticides/*pharmacology Larva/growth & development/physiology *Malus Moths/growth & development/*physiology Particle Size Pheromones/*metabolism Plant Leaves/chemistry Pyrus/*chemistry Seasons Wa;
Notes:		"MedlineKnight, Alan L Light, Douglas M eng Evaluation Study England 2012/07/19 Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Jan; 69(1):66-74. doi: 10.1002/ps.3363. Epub 2012 Jul 14"