| Title: | Genome sequence of the cauliflower mushroom Sparassis crispa (Hanabiratake) and its association with beneficial usage |
| Author(s): | Kiyama R; Furutani Y; Kawaguchi K; Nakanishi T; |
| Address: | "Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo Univ., 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan. kiyama.r@ip.kyusan-u.ac.jp. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical Univ., 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan" |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-018-34415-6 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Sparassis crispa (Hanabiratake) is a widely used medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine because it contains materials with pharmacological activity. Here, we report its 39.0-Mb genome, encoding 13,157 predicted genes, obtained using next-generation sequencing along with RNA-seq mapping data. A phylogenetic analysis by comparison with 25 other fungal genomes revealed that S. crispa diverged from Postia placenta, a brown-rot fungus, 94 million years ago. Several features specific to the genome were found, including the A-mating type locus with the predicted genes for HD1 and HD2 heterodomain transcription factors, the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP), and the B-mating type locus with seven potential pheromone receptor genes and three potential pheromone precursor genes. To evaluate the benefits of the extract and chemicals from S. crispa, we adopted two approaches: (1) characterization of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes and beta-glucan synthase genes and the clusters of genes for the synthesis of second metabolites, such as terpenes, indoles and polyketides, and (2) identification of estrogenic activity in its mycelial extract. Two potential beta-glucan synthase genes, ScrFKS1 and ScrFKS2, corresponding to types I and II, respectively, characteristic of Agaricomycetes mushrooms, were newly identified by the search for regions homologous to the reported features of beta-glucan synthase genes; both contained the characteristic transmembrane regions and the regions homologous to the catalytic domain of the yeast beta-glucan synthase gene FKS1. Rapid estrogenic cell-signaling and DNA microarray-based transcriptome analyses revealed the presence of a new category of chemicals with estrogenic activity, silent estrogens, in the extract. The elucidation of the S. crispa genome and its genes will expand the potential of this organism for medicinal and pharmacological purposes" |
| Keywords: | "Agaricales Carbohydrates/genetics Chromosome Mapping Estrogens/genetics Genome, Fungal/*genetics Glucosyltransferases/genetics High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Phylogeny Polyporales/*genetics/pathogenicity Sign;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineKiyama, Ryoiti Furutani, Yoshiyuki Kawaguchi, Kayoko Nakanishi, Toshio eng 17H01883/Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)/International Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2018/10/31 Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 30; 8(1):16053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34415-6" |
