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Acta Odontol Scand

Title:		A new measurement protocol to differentiate sources of halitosis
Author(s):		Aydin M; Ozen ME; Evlice B; Ferguson M; Uzel I;
Address:		"a Microbiology , Adana , Turkiye ; b Psychiatrist, Private Adana Hospital , Adana , Turkiye ; d Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology , Cukurova University , Adana , Turkiye ; e Marfleet Primary Healthcare Center , Hull , UK ; f Emeritus Professor, Private practice, Mersin , Turkiye"
Journal Title:		Acta Odontol Scand
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160511
Issue:		5
Page Number:		380 - 384
DOI:		10.3109/00016357.2016.1163732
ISSN/ISBN:		1502-3850 (Electronic) 0001-6357 (Linking)
Abstract:		"OBJECTIVE: Three sources of halitosis exist, potentially in any combination: mouth, nasal cavity or alveolar breath. There has been no universally accepted protocol which differentiates and quantifies each odour source separately. In this study a new gas measurement protocol is described and tested to determine whether each odour source can be separately detected without contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety healthy volunteers were divided into three groups. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen (H2) were artificially generated in the mouth, nose and pulmonary alveoli, respectively. VOC, ammonia (NH3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), H2S and H2 gas readings from mouth, nose and alveolar air were measured and compared. Measurements were taken before and during gas generation. RESULTS: Contamination of nasal air (2.8%) and alveolar air (5.0%) by oral H2S; alveolar air (2.06%) and oral air (4%) by nasal organic gas; nasal air (18.43%) and oral air (9.42%) by alveolar H2 was calculated. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that artificially generated oral H2S nasal VOC and alveolar H2 can be individually quantified. This gas measurement protocol can be used diagnostically or to gauge response to therapy in any medical or dental setting"
Keywords:		Adult Ammonia/analysis Cyclohexanols/administration & dosage Cysteine/administration & dosage Eucalyptol Female Halitosis/*diagnosis/etiology Humans Hydrogen/analysis Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis Lactulose/administration & dosage Lung Diseases/diagnosis Male;
Notes:		"MedlineAydin, Murat Ozen, Murat Eren Evlice, Burcu Ferguson, Matthew Uzel, Ilter eng Comparative Study England 2016/05/12 Acta Odontol Scand. 2016 Jul; 74(5):380-4. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1163732. Epub 2016 May 11"