| Title: | "Biological activities associated with the volatile compound 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine" |
| Author(s): | Janssens TKS; Tyc O; Besselink H; de Boer W; Garbeva P; |
| Address: | "MicroLife Solutions B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Endemic and Emerging Viruses section, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 37221 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands. BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO BOX 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1574-6968 (Electronic) 0378-1097 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Pyrazines are 1,4-diazabenzene-based volatile organic compounds and known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine, produced by Paenibacillus sp. AD87 during co-culture with Burkholderia sp. AD24. In addition, we were using transcriptional reporter assays in E. coli and mammalian cells to decipher the possible mode of action. Bacterial and mammalian luciferase reporter strains were deployed to elucidate antimicrobial and toxicological effects of 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine. At high levels of exposure, 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine exerted strong DNA damage response. At lower concentrations, cell-wall damage response was observed. The activity was corroborated by a general toxicity reporter assay in E. coli DeltaampD, defective in peptidoglycan turnover. The maximum E. coli cell-wall stress activity was measured at a concentration close to the onset of the mammalian cytotoxicity, while other adverse outcome pathways, such as the activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogenic receptor, the p53 tumour suppressor and the oxidative stress-related Nrf2 transcription factor, were induced at elevated concentrations compared to the response of mammalian cells. Because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity at lower concentrations and the relatively low mammalian toxicity, 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine is a potential bio-based fumigant with possible applications in food industry, agriculture or logistics" |
| Keywords: | Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology/toxicity Bacteria/*drug effects Burkholderia/physiology Cell Line Cell Survival/*drug effects Cell Wall/drug effects Coculture Techniques Escherichia coli/genetics Fungi/*drug effects Microbial Interactions/physiology P; |
| Notes: | "MedlineJanssens, Thierry K S Tyc, Olaf Besselink, Harrie de Boer, Wietse Garbeva, Paolina eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2019/01/31 FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2019 Feb 1; 366(3):fnz023. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnz023" |
