| Title: | "Analysis of Environmental Variables and Carbon Input on Soil Microbiome, Metabolome and Disease Control Efficacy in Strawberry Attributable to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation" |
| Author(s): | Hewavitharana SS; Klarer E; Muramoto J; Shennan C; Mazzola M; |
| Address: | "Horticulture and Crop Science Department and Strawberry Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA. Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/microorganisms9081638 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2076-2607 (Print) 2076-2607 (Electronic) 2076-2607 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Charcoal rot and Fusarium wilt, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, respectively, are major soil-borne diseases of strawberry that have caused significant crop losses in California. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been studied as an industry-level option to replace soil fumigants to manage these serious diseases. Studies were conducted to discern whether Gramineae carbon input type, incubation temperature, or incubation duration influences the efficacy of this disease control tactic. In experiments conducted using 'low rate' amendment applications at moderate day/night temperatures (24/18 degrees C), and carbon inputs (orchard grass, wheat, and rice bran) induced an initial proliferation and subsequent decline in soil density of the Fusarium wilt pathogen. This trend coincided with the onset of anaerobic conditions and a corresponding generation of various anti-fungal compounds, including volatile organic acids, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Generation of these metabolites was associated with increases in populations of Clostridium spp. Overall, carbon input and incubation temperature, but not incubation duration, significantly influenced disease suppression. All Gramineae carbon inputs altered the soil microbiome and metabolome in a similar fashion, though the timing and maximum yield of specific metabolites varied with input type. Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot suppression were superior when anaerobic soil disinfestation was conducted using standard amendment rates of 20 t ha(-1) at elevated temperatures combined with a 3-week incubation period. Findings indicate that anaerobic soil disinfestation can be further optimized by modulating carbon source and incubation temperature, allowing the maximum generation of antifungal toxic volatile compounds. Outcomes also indicate that carbon input and environmental variables may influence treatment efficacy in a target pathogen-dependent manner which will require pathogen-specific optimization of treatment protocols" |
| Keywords: | Fusarium wilt Macrophomina crown rot biological soil disinfestation incubation duration incubation temperature reductive soil disinfestation strawberry diseases; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEHewavitharana, Shashika S Klarer, Emmi Muramoto, Joji Shennan, Carol Mazzola, Mark eng 2012-51102-20294,2017-51181-26832/National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ Switzerland 2021/08/28 Microorganisms. 2021 Jul 31; 9(8):1638. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9081638" |
