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Appl Environ Microbiol

Title:		Cyanobacterial blue color formation during lysis under natural conditions
Author(s):		Arii S; Tsuji K; Tomita K; Hasegawa M; Bober B; Harada K;
Address:		"Graduate School of Environmental and Human Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan takoma@kfx.biglobe.ne.jp. Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Tsujimachi, Kita, Nagoya, Japan. Graduate School of Environmental and Human Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan. Graduate School of Environmental and Human Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"
Journal Title:		Appl Environ Microbiol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20150206
Issue:		8
Page Number:		2667 - 2675
DOI:		10.1128/AEM.03729-14
ISSN/ISBN:		1098-5336 (Electronic) 0099-2240 (Print) 0099-2240 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Cyanobacteria produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as beta-cyclocitral, geosmin, and 2-methylisoborneol, which show lytic activity against cyanobacteria. Among these compounds, only beta-cyclocitral causes a characteristic color change from green to blue (blue color formation) in the culture broth during the lysis process. In August 2008 and September 2010, the lysis of cyanobacteria involving blue color formation was observed at Lake Tsukui in northern Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. We collected lake water containing the cyanobacteria and investigated the VOCs, such as beta-cyclocitral, beta-ionone, 1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol, as well as the number of cyanobacterial cells and their damage and pH changes. As a result, the following results were confirmed: the detection of several VOCs, including beta-cyclocitral and its oxidation product, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid; the identification of phycocyanin based on its visible spectrum; the lower pH (6.7 and 5.4) of the lysed samples; and characteristic morphological change in the damaged cyanobacterial cells. We also encountered the same phenomenon on 6 September 2013 in Lake Sagami in northern Kanagawa Prefecture and obtained almost the same results, such as blue color formation, decreasing pH, damaged cells, and detection of VOCs, including the oxidation products of beta-cyclocitral. beta-Cyclocitral derived from Microcystis has lytic activity against Microcystis itself but has stronger inhibitory activity against other cyanobacteria and algae, suggesting that the VOCs play an important role in the ecology of aquatic environments"
Keywords:		"Color Cyanobacteria/*metabolism Japan Lakes/*analysis Seasons Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/metabolism Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/metabolism;"
Notes:		"MedlineArii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Tomita, Koji Hasegawa, Masateru Bober, Beata Harada, Ken-ichi eng 2015/02/11 Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Apr; 81(8):2667-75. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03729-14. Epub 2015 Feb 6"