| Title: | "Floral glands in myophilous and sapromyophilous species of Pleurothallidinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)-osmophores, nectaries, and a unique sticky gland" |
| Author(s): | Arevalo-Rodrigues G; de Barros F; Davis AR; Cardoso-Gustavson P; |
| Address: | "Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil. arevalogustavo92@gmail.com. Instituto de Botanica, Nucleo de Pesquisa Orquidario do Estado, Sao Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00709-021-01624-2 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1615-6102 (Electronic) 0033-183X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Pleurothallidinae orchids have been the focus of many multidisciplinary studies due to their challenging systematics and taxonomy. The synapomorphies already recognized in the group are mostly related to floral characters, the last proposed being the occurrence of alkanes in the floral fragrance. The composition of the floral bouquet varied significantly among the studied species, leading us to hypothesize that the variations in volatiles emitted could be linked to the structure of osmophores, especially when comparing the myophilous and sapromyophilous pollination syndromes. Sepals and labellum at different developmental stages of seven Brazilian Pleurothallidinae species were examined using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Nectar reabsorption was assessed by Lucifer Yellow CH tracer and imaged under confocal microscopy. Nectaries were restricted to the labellum of the myophilous species, whereas osmophores occurred in the dorsal and/or lateral sepals, varying according to species. In the sapromyophilous species, floral nectaries were not detected and osmophores were restricted to the labellum. Osmophore structure was correlated with the volatiles emitted, being the trichome osmophores notably present on the sepals of both myophilous species that possess nectaries. For the first time, we demonstrated reabsorption of the released nectar in Pleurothallidinae and the occurrence of a unique gland named sticky-exudate glands, which occurred in the lateral sepals and labellum of Echinosepala aspasicensis, a sapromyophilous species, that released a heterogeneous exudate composed of polysaccharides and lipids. Similar glands have been reported in Bulbophyllum, highlighting the convergence between both groups" |
| Keywords: | "Flowers Microscopy, Electron, Transmission *Orchidaceae Plant Nectar Pollination Bulbophyllum Floral volatiles Lucifer Yellow CH Nectar reabsorption Orchid pollination Sapromyophily Smooth endoplasmic reticulum;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineArevalo-Rodrigues, Gustavo de Barros, Fabio Davis, Arthur R Cardoso-Gustavson, Poliana eng 0588/12-1/Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/ 0469-13-0/Science without Borders/ Austria 2021/02/24 Protoplasma. 2021 Sep; 258(5):1061-1076. doi: 10.1007/s00709-021-01624-2. Epub 2021 Feb 22" |
